Essay --

Acknowledgments ______________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for the support and encouragement that you have given me throughout the trials of my experiment. I would like to thank my parents for the support they have given me and for helping me when I was in a tough situation. I would like to thank my teacher, Mr. Johnson for the support that he has given me and for his guidance and encouragement. I would also like to thank my dentist for supplying me with my prime ingredient of this experiment, teeth. Purpose ______________________________________________________________________________ The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the effect of beverages, such as, orange juice, coca cola, milk, coffee, and water, on the rate of decomposition of teeth. This experiment will be able to determine which of the five beverages cause a tooth to decompose faster than the others. These specific drinks were chosen because they are what normal people have in their refrigerator or pantry on a normal basis. Most americans consume coffee, and some sort of juice in the morning, throughout the day they should have at least of glass of water, and most people have at least on soft drink a day. The acid in orange juice and the carbonation in soda can damage the enamel of the tooth causing it to erode faster (Orange, July 2, 2009). The lack of saliva can cause decay of teeth because saliva protects the gums in the mouth from infection. Some causes of reduced saliva are coffee and cola drinks (Reduce,April 21, 2012). This experiment reveals which of these five drinks increase the process of decay faster than others. This will allow the reader to choose a drink that wil... ...rom http://www.questiaschool.com Mays, S. (1998). The Archaeology of Human Bones. London: Routledge. Retrieved from http://www.questiaschool.com Orange Juice Acid 'Can Wash Away Enamel on Teeth' (2009, July 2). Daily Mail (London), p. 22. Retrieved from http://www.questiaschool.com Reduce Dental Decay Factors. (2012, April 21). Coffs Coast Advocate (Coffs Harbour, Australia). Retrieved from http://www.questiaschool.com Teeth. (2013). In The Columbia Encyclopedia (6th ed.). The Columbia University Press. Retrieved from http://www.questiaschool.com Tooth Decay-Cause. (n.d.). WebMD - Better information. Better health.. Retrieved October 9, 2013, from http://www.webmd.com/oral-health/tc/tooth-decay-cause What Kind of Acids are in Soda. (2011, August 17). Live Strong. http://www.livestrong.com/articles/519798-what-kind-of-acids-are-in-sodas/

Economic Impacts of Natural Disasters

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF NATURAL DISASTERS ABSTRACT: Disasters of both natural and technological origin have a considerable impact on communities. The effects of disasters in India are significantly reduced by well established counter disaster arrangements at all three levels of government. These arrangements comprise comprehensive plans of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery and in more recent times, of mitigation. The economic effects of disasters can be devastating and widespread.When disasters strike houses, businesses and community infrastructure get damaged or destroyed and people’s livelihoods are temporarily and sometimes permanently disrupted. Physical damage is the most visible economic impact of disasters. Major natural disasters can and do have severe negative short-run economic impacts. Disasters also appear to have adverse longer-term consequences for economic growth, development and poverty reduction. But, negative impacts are not inevitable. Vulnerabilit y is shifting quickly, especially in countries experiencing economic transformation – rapid growth, urbanization and related technical and social changes.In the Caribbean and Bangladesh there is evidence of both declining sensitivity to tropical storms and floods and increased resilience resulting from both economic transformation and public actions for disaster reduction. The largest concentration of high risk countries, increasingly vulnerable to climatic hazards, is in Sub-Saharan Africa. Risks emanating from geophysical hazards need to be better recognized in highly exposed urban areas across the world because their potential costs are rising exponentially with economic development.Natural disasters cause significant budgetary pressures, with both narrowly fiscal short-term impacts and wider long-term development implications. Reallocation is the primary fiscal response to disaster. Disasters have little impact on trends in total aid flows. Keywords: Disaster Impacts, Dir ect Economic Impacts, Indirect Economic Impacts, Intangible Economic Impacts. Submitted by: Dr. A. PADMAVATHI, Guest Faculty, Department of MCA, S. V. U. C. C. M&C. S. , S. V. University, Tirupati-517502. Introduction: The economic effects of disasters are mostly seen as physical damage to infrastructure.More often than not loss of income through loss of trading activity and the time taken to re-establish such activity, particularly for agricultural industries, is overlooked. The consequences of extended periods of trading or production down-time can result in bankruptcy, forced sale, business closure, loss of experienced workers, a depleted customer base and population shrinkage. These consequences are exacerbated by community losses resulting in a reduction in disposable income. The flow-on through the disaster affected community has been likened to the domino effect.It addresses the economic consequences of disasters on communities and includes a framework of economic recovery pr inciples as well as strategies to implement those principles. In this publication the term â€Å"economic† is used with respect to the costs to the community caused by the disaster while â€Å"financial† is used with respect to those schemes aimed at providing monetary sources to assist recovery. The range of economic effects and consequences on a disaster affected community is relative to the specific nature of the event and the economic demographics of the affected community Economic Consequences of Disasters:The economic effects of disasters can be devastating and widespread. When disasters strike houses, businesses and community infrastructure get damaged or destroyed and people’s livelihoods are temporarily and sometimes permanently disrupted. Physical damage is the most visible economic impact of disasters. However, the less visible impacts such as lost income through being unable to trade are just as significant and the consequences often last longer than the physical damage (for example, bankruptcy and business closures). The flow-on effects through a community can be pervasive.The range of economic effects and consequences for a disaster-affected community vary greatly and depend on both the nature of the event and the economic health of the community. It is also important to recognise that communities are diverse. In some cases, disaster-affected communities recover and prosper, in others the adverse economic impact has a domino effect that spreads throughout the community. What makes some communities recover and prosper and others decline in the aftermath of a disaster? What are key characteristics of disaster-resistant communities?These are important questions and are critical to understanding the economic recovery process. The principles and strategies identified later in this report provide a starting point for considering these questions. The economic consequences of disasters can be classified in a variety of ways. No singl e framework will cover and prescribe every possible impact a disaster might have. Each disaster has unique characteristics and consequently in any attempt to classify these impacts there will always be impacts that do not fit neatly within the classification.Nevertheless a classification framework is a useful guide or tool we can use to tackle these issues. Almost all impacts of disasters have an economic dimension, even if this economic effect cannot be measured. Economic impacts are typically divided into two categories: tangible (those impacts we can assign a dollar value to) and intangible (impacts which are not easily expressed in monetary terms). These impacts are then further subdivided into direct and indirect impacts. Direct impacts are those that result from the physical destruction or damage to buildings, infrastructure, vehicles and crops etc.Indirect impacts are due to the consequences of the damage or destruction. Figure 1 illustrates the impacts of disasters using thr ee main categories-direct, indirect and intangible. An alternative approach is to examine the impacts of disasters in terms of who or what is affected. Three groupings are common: * Public infrastructure and community facilities; * Business enterprises (commercial, industrial, retail, service, agricultural etc); and * Residents and households. Using figure 1 and BTE Report 103 a brief discussion of the direct, indirect and intangible impacts of disasters on each of these three groups follows.FIGURE 1 THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF A DISASTER Culture & Heritage Clean up Infrastracture Intangible impacts Health Aspects Death & injury I Indirect Impacts Business Disruption Disaster Impacts Direct Impacts Agriculture Commercial buildings 1. Direct Economic Impacts: Public Infrastructure and Community Facilities: Lifelines (such as water and sanitation systems, electricity, gas, telecommunications and transport) are vulnerable to all types of disasters. Direct damage to lifeline infrastructure i ncludes the immediate physical damage (eg. oads cracked or washed away, destroyed electrical transformers and so on) and also the damage which may take some time before becoming visible (eg. accelerated road deterioration due to the effect of water intrusion under road pavements). Public buildings include schools, child care centres, kindergartens, hospitals, nursing homes, neighbourhood centres, churches, entertainment/art/cultural centres, museums, clubs and so on. Direct damage to public buildings can also be thought of using the break up into structural (eg. roofs, walls etc), contents (eg. urniture, floor coverings and specialist items like sound systems and paintings etc) and external (eg. Playground equipment, swimming pools etc) damage. Business Enterprises include commercial, industrial, retail, service and agricultural business types. The economic impact of disasters on agricultural enterprises is often treated separately from other business types. Essentially however the impact on businesses can be viewed as falling into 3 main areas. * structural damage to buildings such as shops,factories, plants, sheds, barns, warehouses, hotels and so on.This includes damage to foundations, walls, floors, roofs, doors, in-builtfurniture, windows etc. * contents damage to fixtures and fittings (eg. carpets), furniture, office equipment, farm equipment, records, product stock (finished manufactured products, works in progress and input materials), crops, pastures, livestock etc. and * external damage, for example, to motor vehicles and fences. Residents and Households: The residential sector includes houses, flats, unit, townhouses and so on. The break up of direct damage into structural (eg. roofs, walls etc), contents (eg. furniture, floor coverings etc) and external (eg. wimming pools, gardens etc) is equally useful for this category. 2. Indirect Economic Impacts: Indirect impacts are those that are incurred as a consequence of the event, but are not due to the direct impact. Many indirect impacts are common to the public/community sectors business, and household (for example, disruption and clean up). Disruption effects: The disruption to the community, businesses and households caused by disasters is pervasive. The economic impact of disruption and its consequences for community recovery is often overlooked, as economic recovery can tend to focus on the highly visible direct physical damage.The following categories list the common forms of disruption relevant to each area. Sector/Area of impact| Disruption Examples| Business| —Lost or deferred production (eg. manufacturing, agriculture, services etc)—Lost or deferred income/trade/sales/value added (eg. Tourism operators, retail traders etc)—Increased costs (eg. freight, inputs, agistment)| Public services and networks| —Transport (traffic delays, extra —operating costs etc)—Loss of computer controlled systems—Loss of other lifelines (eg. electricity)—Government services (eg. ducation)| Households| —Additional costs (eg. alternative accommodation and transport, heating, drying out costs, medical costs etc)| Natural disasters can cause serious disruption to affected businesses which may not be able to operate during the event, and for some time afterwards, while the premises are being cleaned and equipment repaired. Business lost during this period can have devastating financial consequences and in some cases the business may not recover at all. Loss of farm income due to a natural disaster can affect the economies of country towns.For example, the Australian Bureau of Agriculture and Resource Economics (ABARE 2000) estimates that farm expenditure represents at least a third of the economies of towns with less than 1000 people. Disasters that reduce farm expenditure can therefore have a major effect on the economies of small towns. Clean up: Cleaning up after a disaster is another obvious area of indirec t impact. The impact for public and community infrastructure, businesses and households is essentially the time it takes and the costs of cleaning materials.Clean up activities typically include removal of mud and debris, disassembly and cleaning of machinery and equipment, removal of destroyed household and business contents items and so on. 3. Intangible Economic Impacts Intangible impacts are often described as a ‘catch all’ that includes all those costs that are very difficult to estimate, for which there is no agreed method of estimation and for which there is no market to provide a benchmark. Evidence suggests that the size of intangible costs is substantial and although most cannot be quantified, in many cases they do still have an economic impact that should not be ignored.Sector/Area of impact| Intangible impact examples| Business| —Loss of confidence—Loss of future contracts—Loss of experienced staff| Public/Community| —Health impac ts (deferral of procedures, reduced quality of care etc)—Death and injury—Loss of items of cultural significance—Environmental impacts—Heritage losses—Lack of access to education, health, defence, art galleries and museums etc| Residents and households| —Loss of personal memorabilia—Inconvenience and disruption, especially to schooling and social life. —Stress induced ill-health and mortality—Pets—Quality of life—Dislocation| Conclusion:Assistance that ensures the survival of the existing economic infrastructure of a region is vital to disaster recovery, but it should not be so great as to affect the natural economic laws of supply and demand operating on the sales and distribution of existing products or services. Government can initiate major projects, that can assist in erasing some of the bad memories of the past and provide a boost in construction and service jobs into the area. References: (1) http:// en. wikipedia. org. (2) www. ndmindia. nic. in/ (3) www. ndma. gov. in/ (4) disastermgmt. bih. nic. in/ (5) http://saarc-sdmc. nic. in/index. asp

German Capitalization Rules

Substance Abuse Among Adolescents And Their Smoking Behaviors

Substance abuse among adolescents has become more common in the United States and the root of the problem is aimed towards blaming parental influence. The article, Adolescents’ perceptions of Parental; Influence on Their Smoking Behavior: A Content Analysis is mainly about a study that consisted of interviewing 35 adolescents ranging from the ages of 14 and 18 to find out if and how their parents influenced their personal smoking behaviors (Maggi et al. 2014). The interviews were recorded and lasted about 45 minutes and in the end all participants described their parents as the main influencers in their experience with tobacco (Maggi et al. 2014). For example, whether adolescents choose to listen to parental messages about smoking may largely depend on the quality of relationship with their parents, the level of trust that is shared between them, or the respect that they have for their parents (Maggi et al. 2014). I found this information to be relevant to my personal experien ce with tobacco as I could agree that my parents’ personal use of cigarettes made using them appear harmless. Parental influence plays a large role in substance abuse among adolescents and according to this article it all depends on the strength of parent to child relationship, but what about the influence of other relationships and how that shapes their decision about substance abuse. In our study we aim to find how their involvement with their religion has influenced abstinence from drugs.Show MoreRelated Adolescents, Mental Health, and Cigarette Smoking Essay1714 Words   |  7 Pagesin looking at mental health and its relationship to cigarette smoking. By searching the Internet, I found myself being drawn into the discourse surrounding cigarette smoking, mental health and adolescents/adolescence. By seeing nicotine as addictive, and therefore an abuseable substance, and understanding the neurological effects nicotine has on the brain, we can see how cigarette smoking is connected to mental health. In adolescents the effect is even more pronounced because their relationshipsRead More Teens And Smoking Essay1572 Words   |  7 Pages Teens and Smoking Abstract Cigarette smoking is of interest to the National Institute on Drug Abuse both because of the public health problems associated with this form of substance abuse and because this behavior represents a prototypic dependence process. In the past few years the government has made every effort to reach the masses, in an attempt to curb the exploitation of tobbacco use, and its acceptance among Americas Youngsters. 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There are various different substances that adolescents are abusing. Alcohol is the most abused in adolescence with four in ten high school seniors consuming some type of alcoholic beverage in the past month and more than one in fiv e engaging in bingeRead MoreSubstance Abuse Prevention Programs : A Critique992 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION PROGRAMS: A CRITIQUE 1 6 SUBSTANCE ABUSE PREVENTION PROGRAMS: A CRITIQUE Substance Abuse Prevention Programs: A Critique Thomas J. McCarthy Grand Canyon University: PCN-501 January 27, 2016 Substance Abuse Prevention Programs: A Critique The first substance abuse prevention program is called AlcoholEdu for College by the EverFi company. AlcoholEdu for College is an online alcohol education, harm reduction, and misuse prevention courseRead MoreHealth And Human Prevention Strategy I Chose Is The National Drug Control Strategy932 Words   |  4 Pagesstrategy I chose is the National Drug Control Strategy. 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When we were brought into this world, we were not born with a set of values and expectations, but rather, that is something that we learnt over our years of development. Primarily, we spend most of our time withRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1604 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"recreational† or â€Å"social† or â€Å"casual† users† (Hart Ksir, 2015). Many people like to smoke among others in order to be social with one another. Young teenagers often enjoy smoking marijuana at a party, friend’s house, or alone. Marijuana users have reported they feel in a better mood, or more relaxed when smoking this drug. â€Å"Many experienced users have also reported more of the positive effects of this substance, partly because of associations from their prior use in the past† (Hart Ksir, 2015).Read MoreThe Psychological Effects Of Adolescent Substance Abuse1469 Words   |  6 PagesAdolescent substance abuse is one of the largest issues faced by our society today. According to Teenrehab.com, nearly 50% of all high school seniors have abused some form of illicit substance and according to National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism nearly 70% of 18 year olds have at the least tried alcohol. Many more adolescents are trying, and getting addicted to, drugs every year. In my opinion this is one of the most critical issues that we have to address as a society. Summary Response:Read MoreDrug Abuse And Adolescent Risky Behavior884 Words   |  4 Pagestaking. So, why is it that adolescents have such an attraction to risky behaviors? According to Broderick (2013), adolescents have a high propensity for sensation seeking (novel experiences) and seem to be willing to put themselves at risk in order to have these novel experiences (p. 392). This essay will attempt to discuss how the brain is developing, being impacted, and, how spiritual development effects adolescent risky behavior. Risky behaviors can include any behavior that is seen by most as

Changes on Film and photography over the Decades - 729 Words

Film and Photography Film and Photography has changed dramatically over the decades, from the camera obscura, pinhole, lomography and now we are at an age where almost everybody in the world has the means to make films and photographs in their pockets. Since the means of making filmic and photographic art are still so readily available, the rarity and uniqueness of the media has been greatly diluted. This makes it harder for artists to establish themselves, on the other hand this also means ; because there is more competition that art pieces are becoming more and more exceptional. I will be looking at how this affects modern art and whether or not I believe this art form has attributed to it. Although it is argued the use of photographs are not as diligent as traditional art forms such as painting or sculpting, it has opened up a whole new breed of art; which documents and â€Å"captures, instantaneous fleeting moments†. Photography gives a take on perspective that cannot be captured by hand and because of digitalised nature of the media, allows the photographer or film-maker an almost unlimited amount of versatility through editing. Francis Firth called the use of photography â€Å"an attribute† I very much agree with him. The use of photography has been a prominently useful tool throughout history, many artists used photographs to capture a scene or portrait to be draw or painted later thus extending their time-scale. I have used photography and film in my own work. I findShow MoreRelated How Digital Processes Change Photography Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesHow Digital Processes Change Photography New technology is an ever present, always advancing force in today’s world. For this reason it is no surprise that in the last decade we have begin to see the rise of digital imaging in our lives. 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Kodak organized itself in 3 key segments: the Graphic Communication Group (GCG); the Film, Photofinishing, Entertainment Group (FPEG) and the Consumer Digital Imaging Group (CGD). ) This report relays to Kodak’s managers the importance of one’s company strength and weakness as wellRead MoreDigital Photography : Digital Technology2457 Words   |  10 PagesDIGITAL TECH DISRUPT -The change occurred from the introduction digital photography and over the reign of the film based photography, in other words the switch from chemical based image capturing towards data storage represent perfectly the disruption effect an innovation can have within an industry and its players. The introduction of cameras using digital imaging started to be sold in the last decade of 19th century. With this new technology, the products and their composition changed; the mainRead MoreEastman Kodak Case Study1495 Words   |  6 Pagesdeclaration of bankruptcy on January 19, 2012. 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Afternoon Tea Report Free Essays

Sam Blandford Student number: 21184301 Tutor: Peter Cross Professional Pastry Techniques 1 Title: Afternoon Tea Report Contents Page Page Number Introduction3 Methodology4 Current trends5 The Science of Gluten6 Gluten free afternoon tea7 Conclusion10 Bibliography11 Introduction In this report investigations will be carried out to determine what the current trends in items served in afternoon teas are as well as the way in which afternoon tea is served. Other factors that will be looked at include the changing clientele of establishments that serve afternoon tea. The range in price and quality of afternoon teas around the country and the type of places that choose to offer afternoon tea will also be investigated. We will write a custom essay sample on Afternoon Tea Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, afternoon tea has been around since the early nineteenth century when tea first started to become popular in the UK. It ‘s invention is often credited to the 7th Duchess of Bedford (http://www. teamuse. com/article_001203. html) who it is thought used it to stave off a â€Å"mid afternoon sinking feeling†. This was most likely as a result of it being commonplace in these times to only eat 2 meals a day, Breakfast and dinner with dinner being commonly served as late as 9 in the evening. The solution to this was to have a small pot of tea, with a light snack, usually a sandwich or cake of some sort at around 4pm. This is still the traditional time for afternoon tea to be had and many afternoon teas are very careful to keep to traditional items when serving afternoon tea as it is seen as an important part of British history and culture. Some more modern places are keener to adapt and branch out as will be explained later on in the report. Methodology To carry out this investigation research would need to be carried out into what afternoon teas are available and how they vary depending on factors like location, type and price. To this it was concluded a number of establishments would be chosen in cities across the UK and investigate what they had to offer. To do this their websites would be looked at in the hope that they would give me some useful information regarding their afternoon tea menu without me having to visit them in person. This quickly became a problem as it became apparent that the main players in the afternoon tea market, such as the Ritz-Carlton and the Savoy, both of which at the most expensive range of the market had very vague menus for their sweet items on their afternoon tea menus. This could be to so that competitors do not know what they are selling but could also be that because from a business point of view, afternoon teas are a great way to use up anything that is left over. This could have been quite limiting however, after looking at cheaper places it was discovered that they offered far more detailed menu descriptions such as The Milestone and The Goring. Another thing that was looked at over the course of this investigation was the clientele that visit establishments that are serving afternoon tea. It was discovered that an increasingly large amount of Japanese tourists are visiting afternoon tea establishments. This is because Japanese people are very keen on a sense of history according to the Japan times something that many British establishments excel at providing. This is according to the Japan Times which says: â€Å"What Japanese people tend to appreciate most about Britain is its sense of tradition. The idea of setting aside time in the afternoon for tea is attractive, since it appeals to the Japanese love of continuity† this clearly demonstrates why more and more Japanese people choose to eat afternoon tea, though this could also be down to their superior economy enabling them to have more disposable income to spend on things like afternoon tea. Other clientele areas that are increasingly choosing to eat afternoon tea are the so-called ladies who lunch. These are the kind of women who are wealthy enough to be able to afford afternoon tea on a regular basis and often do so in a large grop of similar women. However this can have a bad effect on their health as a recent study by Dr Anne McTiernan found that those who regularly eat lunch away from home are more likely to gain weight than those who eat at home as reported in a national newspaper (http://www. dailymail. co. uk/health/article-2172900/A-weighty-warning-ladies-lunch-Those-eat-regularly-lose-fewer-pounds. tml) this shows how the rise in afternoon teas popularity can have detrimental effects on peoples health. Current trends In recent times afternoon tea has had a resurgence in popularity in the UK after a period where it was seen as somewhat old fashioned and out of touch with modern times where fast food establishments are plentiful. It may be difficult to attain the reason for this but retailer Debenhams, who has reported a 119% profit increase over the last 2 years in the sales of china cups and saucers. This shows a massive increase in afternoon tea popularity fuelled largely by the money of many wealthy Asian businessmen and women enjoying afternoon tea either in the UK or in Asia where many things from British culture are becoming very popular, such as private schooling. For example recently Wellington College in Berkshire was paid to build an exact replica of itself in the Chinese city of Tianjin. This shows how Asian economic growth has helped to popularise afternoon tea again in Britain as many Asian people see Britain as the ideal template for their own country. Other factors that have helped to encourage the boom in afternoon tea popularity are the increasing number of establishments that offer it now and at varying prices making it affordable for people with less disposable income. For example an afternoon tea at the Balmoral Hotel in Edinburgh is only ? 37 compared to ? 85. This shows how the more reasonable pricing of some afternoon teas can be a contributing factor in its booming popularity among both British and Foreign clientele. Something else that was noticed when looking at afternoon teas is the vast array of teas that are now available. One teashop that was looked researched in Cardiff had 300 teas on offer for service with an afternoon tea. This is different from when the first mention of afternoon tea came about where you were lucky if a handful of teas were on offer. The Science of Gluten. Gluten is a mixture of proteins that is found in many wheat-based products and other grains such as rye or oats. Gluten consists of two proteins gliadin and glutenin, which is mixed with starch in the endosperm of a wheat kernel. Together they make up 80% of the protein in wheat or other cereals gluten is useful in baking both breads and cakes as it gives the products elasticity and also allows them to keep their shape better. Gluten forms when glutenin molecules cross over creating a web like structure, which contributes to thickness and stretchiness of the dough. If yeast is added to the mixture it produces carbon dioxide bubbles, which become trapped in the structure causing the dough to rise. Baking the dough solidifies the gluten, which along with starch helps to stabilise the shape of the product. Usually different flours are used in the production of breads to those of cakes and pastries as bread flour has a higher gluten content. This provides the stretchiness needed for good bread and pastry products, it is important to develop the gluten to just the right level or else the bread or pastry will either be too rubbery or too tough or to short, for example when making tartlets or other pastry products it is important not to work the dough too much as this risks developing the gluten too much resulting in a tough and chewy product rather than the more crispy product that is desired. Gluten is also used in the production of many imitation meat products such as Quorn and tofu as when gluten is cooked in a broth it produces a rubbery meat like texture. Gluten free afternoon tea. In doing this research gluten free afternoon tea options available for those who suffer from coeliac disease were looked at. Many reviewers on online consumer sites found the food to be bland at tasteless particularly at the Ritz where many suggested that the ratio of topping to gluten free bread was far too excessive, many also found the pastry options to be far below the usual high standard that they expect. Others also commented on the poor quality of the Gluten free options and the snooty vibe of the waiting staff who they felt looked down on them because of their intolerance. However at other places such as Browns the gluten free options has been found to be almost identical to those that contained gluten, particularly the gluten free pastries. This lacking of taste from gluten free products is not uncommon as many products contain alternative flours and other ingredients that do not contain gluten such as potato flour and rice flour. These have a different taste to conventional flours and also have different properties causing to both look and taste differently and usually inferior to products made with conventional flour. Currently few gluten free products exist that consistently come close to matching the flavour and texture of normal products such as Genius bread and Warburton’s who produce a variety of gluten free cakes. During the course of this investigation a number of products were thought up that were suitable for gluten free afternoon teas. One of these was a champagne jelly with a brandy syllabub cream and a frosted grape topping. This product was suitable for consumption by coeliac as it contained no wheat based products at all as its ingriedients consisted of   1 pint (570 ml) champagne or medium-dry sparkling white wine|   1 pint (570 ml) champagne or medium-dry sparkling white wine| 2 large lemons| 6 oz (175 g) caster sugar| 4 x 0. 4 oz (11 g) packs powdered gelatine| For the syllabub:| 2 tablespoons of the same wine as above| 1 tablespoon brandy| juice ? lemon| 1 oz (25 g) caster sugar| 5 fl oz (150 ml) double cream| For the frosted grape decoration:| 4-5 oz (110-150 g) seedless grapes| egg white| caster sugar| All these ingridients came to ? 13 for each quantity of ingridient. A rough diagram of this gluten free desert is shown below Champagne Jelly Syllabub Cream Bubbles Conclusion To conclude my report into afternoon teas it has been discovered that afternoon teas are coming back in a big way with celebrities helping to fuel the growth in demand for them. Also they have caught on abroad with Asia s howing particular interest in them as they look to grow into a more developed country, perhaps basing that growth on culture much like the British did. Also it has been looked at the different options available for afternoon teas and how different the pricing strategies are for different levels of establishments. Another thing that has been noticed was the sheer variety of teas offered in some places and also a multitude of different cake and bread mixes as well as sandwich fillings that are available for someone to have with afternoon tea today. Bibliography Tea  and tourism: tourists, traditions and transformations (L, Jolliffe, 2007 | | Teas  of the world (N,H Woodward, 1980) The  rough  guide  to London (R, Humphreys, B, Chaplin, 2008 7th edition) | How to cite Afternoon Tea Report, Papers

Sherman’s March Essay Sample free essay sample

William Tecumseh Sherman ( February 8. 1820 – February 14. 1891 ) was a U. S. Army general that had graduated from West Point. While functioning in the ground forces he left the ground forces for a civilian calling but rejoined the ground forces at the eruption of the Civil War. He fought at the Battle of bull Run. Vicksburg Campaign and the Battle of Chattanooga. He is most noteworthy for his invasion of Georgia where he captured Atlanta and so his celebrated March to the Sea to capture Savannah. Georgia. The ground forces marched in four columns utilizing a path that was 60 stat mis broad. This triumph would guarantee Lincoln would be reelected. After Savannah he went north and after destructing railwaies and other resources defeated Confederate General Johnston on April 26. How did this run reflect the changing nature of war? – Sherman’s run would add a new dimension to this war. It would be defined as Total War. We will write a custom essay sample on Sherman’s March Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is interesting to see that Alexander the Great embraced the construct of Total War and Sherman endorsed that construct to Grant was mired in a conflict of abrasion. Virtually all the experience to contend this war was gained by experience. Sherman used all his resources to seek triumph. Carl von Clausewitz. pointed to the implementing a construct of oppressing your enemy and said wars tendency to increase in force. World Wars I and II are considered as entire wars. McPherson. J. ( 1988 ) . The conflict call of freedom A individual could state that the experience to contend the Civil War was like on the occupation preparation. As this war tantrum between other wars it brought with it an development of alterations in conveyance. arms and disposal. It was at the start a political war and at the start did non hold a professional ground forces on either side as the last war fought by the U. S. was with Mexico. Politics carried an huge weight on the shoulders of Lincoln. For some. particularly the South at the start it was a romantic war as a southern soldier was quoted as stating: â€Å"and glorification in being in that cause. † McPherson. J. ( 1988 ) . The conflict call of freedom Atlanta fell to General Sherman in September of 1864. His March to the seashore would be the most hard by his forces during their Marches. It has been synonymous with the historic devastation put upon the Confederate Army. It was a strategic triumph and besides a psychological triumph. It was the turning point in the Civil War. Sherman sought to work the spread between affluent and hapless Georgians as he wanted to â€Å"arouse the latent hostility of Georgia. † His March sought to spread out the differences over economic. political and military divisions in the Confederacy. Conflicts were developing between province Governors and Confederate authorization sing province defence and reserves control. This resulted in societal and political strife throughout the province and the Confederacy. Spurr. Michael Jason. â€Å"†The latent hostility of Georgia How did Americans of both the North and South respond to this type of warfare? – Over an drawn-out period of clip. Northerners became divided over the war as some wanted to prosecute the war with energy and strength while many Democrats wanted to compromise and convey the war to an terminal. Even Lincoln and Grant did non to the full understand Sherman’s conflict program as Lincoln was in a election rhythm he was non speedy to encompass Sherman’s program. Sherman himself was convicted that he was right and that would be born out as the onslaught developed. What was Sherman’s intent in making this. and how did it impact the result of the war and its wake? – Sherman’s March on first Atlanta. Savannah and eventually the Carolinas was a historic military event in U. S. history. Victor Davis Hanson. an American historiographer. compare Sherman with Patton and Epaminondas. Sherman had facets of Alexander’s schemes every bit good. for Sherman gave no one-fourth to the enemy except when they surrendered. In the autumn the Confederates were in a close province of prostration and although this place was non acknowledged by editors of newspapers in the South it was obvious that Jefferson Davis and others in the South had misjudged the ability of the Union. As Sherman has said to a Southern as the war was enacted â€Å"On hearing of South Carolina’s sezession from the United States. Sherman observed to a close friend. Professor David F. Boyd of Virginia. an enthusiastic secessionist. about absolutely depicting t he four old ages of war to come: You people of the South don’t know what you are doing†¦ Sherman subsequently would present the concluding and celebrated blow that gave the Northerners the good intelligence that the South could be defeated. Foreign Affairs. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. foreignaffairs. com/articles/64731/walter-russell-mead/southern-storm-shermans-march-to-the-sea What where the footings Sherman provided for the resignation of the South? – Recognizing that Confederate opposition was near prostration. Sherman asked the President for his way on footings of resignation and the intervention of Confederate military personnels. Sherman shared Lincoln’s attitude of lenience for a defeated South and was convinced that Lincoln’s peace would emphasize â€Å"malice toward none: with charity for all. General Sherman would accept the resignation of General Johnston a house that was owned by Bennett that is now a Historical Park. All the forces of the Confederacy surrendered a short clip thenceforth including on June 2nd General Smith surrendered his ground forces to Major General Canby. This was followed on June 23rd General Watie surrendered Cherokee forces in Oklahoma. The Carolinas Campaign Johnston’s Surrender at Bennett Place on Hillsboro Road hypertext transfer protocol: //www. wadehamptoncamp. org/hist-js. hypertext mark up language The Footings – General Grant crafted the footings for resignation of the Confederacy. He did this with a missive to General Lee and the footings would let the Confederates to return place with being treated with compassion. regard and self-respect. These footings allowed for a 48 hr cease-fire. the Confederate ground forces was to turn in their weaponries to in province armories and so be disbanded. Federal tribunals were to be reestablished and a general amnesty was to be enacted. Conclusion – A military historian wrote that Sherman â€Å"defied military rules by runing deep within enemy district and without lines of supply or communicating. He destroyed much of the South’s potency and psychological science to pay war. This was precisely what Orde Wingate. for the British. did in the Burma run in 1943 and 1944. Sherman is held up as an outstanding military strategian that brought the war to a successful decision for the Union. Mentions McPherson. J. ( 1988 ) . The conflict call of freedom: The Civil War epoch. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Spurr. Michael Jason. â€Å"†The latent hostility of Georgia† : Sherman’s March and its effects on the societal division of Georgia† ( 2009 ) . UNLV Theses/Dissertations. Paper 53. hypertext transfer protocol: //digitalcommons. library. unlv. edu/thesesdissertations/53 Foreign Affairs. from a public web page on 7/31/2010 page 1hypertext transfer protocol: //www. foreignaffairs. com/articles/64731/walter-russell-mead/southern-storm-shermans-march-to-the-sea The Carolinas Campaign Johnston’s Surrender at Bennett Place on Hillsboro Road. from a public web page on 7/31/2010 page 1 hypertext transfer protocol: //www. wadehamptoncamp. org/hist-js. hypertext markup languageernational Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House.