CSR Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

CSR - Essay Example or a number of years, IMB has worked in line with other organizations that are of likeminded opinions in ensuring effective delivery of sustainable services to the members of the society. Amongst the benefits that have been successfully delivered to the local society includes sustainable management by offering modern types of machines that, emits less carbon footprints to the environment. Moreover, the company has developed an environmental sustainability and leadership strategy that helps to the implementation of the environmental policy affair to ensure that the organization is at the forefront in advocating for environmental protection worldwide1. The organization also ensures the maximum consideration of the well being of all the staff members throughout all the branches. IBM incorporates the employees in all the aspects of strategic business plan globally as a way of ensuring that health, safety as well as the environment where the workforce takes place meets the required standards. since organizations are often associated by challenges of health from the workforce, some other extra programs have been implemented which, aims at promoting the physical well being while improving the psychological status of each and every employee who works within the IBM organization. Consequently, IBM is committed to supportive workplace environment by giving their workers freedom and liberty. For such reasons, the employees are given chances and opportunities to seek for other additional benefits with flexible working environments. This practice has been evidenced through launching of childcare in iterative and the creating of global work l ife fund which concerns the quality independent care of communities while helping the employees to manage their personal issues2. IBM has also partnered with most of the leading educational institutions and universities to help foster and strengthen information system studies. This has been done to ensure that the students become

Economic Impacts Essay Example for Free

Economic Impacts Essay The Attack on the World Trade Centre in Manhattan had happened on September 11, 2001. The attack had led to the destruction of numerous buildings and lost of lives. This had greatly affected not only the citizens of the United States. The incident had also affected the economy of the country. According to the report of Mr. George Kahn (2001) , the vice-president   and economist of Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas, US economic growth had already slowed dramatically. Based on the experiences in the year 1996 to 1999, a growth in the GDP has been experienced. It is only logical to think that GDP will continue to rise in the next few years. However, Real GDP has slowed to a 2.8% rate of growth last year. Unemployment had moved down from 3.9% in th year 2000 to 4.9% in August. The slowdown in the economy had led to unexpected increase in energy prices and re-evaluation of the prospects for corporate earnings. Prices in the stock market have been affected, and consumer spending began to slow down. In early September, prices on energy began to stabilize and consumer spending had hold-up. Although manufacturing activity continued to decline but in a slower rate as compared to what happened in the early part of the year. However, this has all changed after the attack in September 11. 2001. Looney (2002) has used categories to differentiate the different economic impacts of the attack in the United States. His categories were based on two types. First is the nature of the impact and second is the length of time the economy has affected the country. In this paper, the author would use the length of time the impact has on the economy. These effects would be divided into three parts: The short-term impact, the medium-term impact and the long-term impact. Short-term impacts of the economy can be further categorized into two. These are the immediate short-term direct impact and the immediate short-term indirect impact. Looney (2002) had enumerated several short-term impacts after the September 11, 2001 attack. For the immediate short-term direct impact, it was stated that Lower Manhattan of New York had lost an approximate of 30% of its office space because of the attack. Reports stated that an estimate of 200,000 were destroyed or relocated out of New York City. Estimated cost of destruction of physical assets in businesses amounts to $ 14Billion for private business, $ 1.7Billion for the local and state assets and $ 0.8Billion for federal enterprises. Rescue, cleanup operations and other cost related to these two is approximately $11 Billion. Total direct costs as computed by Looney (2002) in the article, is estimated to be at around $27.2 Billion. However, Mr. Alan Hevesi, had considered other factors that was not included in the article of Robert Looney. Hevesi (2001) considered the lost of human capital which is estimated to be at $11 billion. These are the lives of the workers who had been killed during the attack. This figure is based on the expected earnings during the personâ€⠄¢s remaining work life. Indirect short term impacts of the attack are the following: Consensus forecast for the GDP growth of the US economy is lowered by 0.5 percentage points in the year 2001 and 1.2 percentage points in the year 2002. Implied projected cumulative lost from the attack up to the year 2003 is estimated to be half a trillion dollars. Private sector investments went down the same with their inventory levels. The attack had shown the government that an additional investment is needed for the security of the country. It is estimated that an increase of 9.25% in defense spending was used by the government. Firms such as security and information technology had increase in demand. Federal Reserve had lowered the price of credit and and temporarily liquidated their assets to safeguard the integrity of the financial system and save businesses from bankruptcy. Aside from the impacts stated above by Looney (2002), Hevesi included factors such as disabilities and trauma to be at $3Billion, business interruption, training and liability losses to be at $21 Billion, Net Lost Rents of $ 1.05 Billion from both the damaged and destroyed buildings and Lost wages which amounts to $9.6 Billion In the medium term, Looney had defined several sectors that had been affected by the attacks. Five areas were highlighted on his report and these are the Insurance, Airlines, Tourism and other service industries, Shipping, and Defense. Losses of the Insurance industry are estimated to be at $30 to $58 Billion. These losses are the highest record in the history of the country. Primary insurers have increased their premiums and dropped their coverages for terrorism related risk, this in turn had affected other key industries. Strongest impacts of the insurance were seen in the aviation, tourism, transportation, construction and energy generation sectors. Commercial property and liability insurance rates have been raised by 30% on the average. The terrorist had used airplanes in order to trigger the attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This had lead in putting the aviation industry in a weak position. An estimate of 20% decrease on the service orders had been ecperienced by airlines. Government support and airline passenger traffic was below normal and an estimate of 100,000 layoffs has been announced. Employment opportunities which were normally up in October and November fell by 80,000 or an estimate of 8% from the expected. Another sector that has been greatly affected is the tourism and service sector. These include hotels, tours, automobile rentals, travel agencies, and civilian aircraft manufacturers. As stated by Looney (2002), hotels have reported higher vacancy rates and employment in the sector as a whole fell by 58,000 in October and November. Relative Equity Values declined by 15%. Preliminary report of Fiscal Policy Institute in New York (2001) included attendance of people in the Broadway theatres had also decreased.. The Shipping sector was in a way affected by the attack, Maritime shipping rates had increased from 5 to 10 percent on average in the two weeks after the attack. Relative stability of freight rates ,despite the decrease in fuel costs and under-utilized capacity of the ships implied that transportation cost had increased because of the attacks Defense sector had experienced a significant increase on security-related programs in the budget for the year 2003. An additional budget of $48Billion was proposed for national defense. Homeland security budget was also increased from $20 Billion in 2001 to $38 Billion in 2002. An enhancement on the training of first responders which are the fireman, police and rescue workers were done, total preparation amounted to $8 Billion for domestic defense spending. The Fiscal Policy Institute or FPI (2001) included in their report losses on advertising because after the attacks commercial runs on television networks were cut down. FPI (2001) had estimated that there would be a 1,000 reduction in advertising employment and a 3% drop of revenues would be experienced by the advertising sector. Looney (2002), enumerated five effects in the   economy. These effects are higher operating costs, higher level of inventories, higher risk premium, Shift of resources t the military defense, and the shift away from globalization. As stated above, several increase in spending for defense had been experienced by the country, and higher insurance premiums were also done in the industry.   The attacks and also led to longer wait for time activities because several sectors and consumers are already cautious. These three reasons had led economist to say that higher operating costs maybe experienced by the industries in the country. Since businesses had been interrupted because of the attacks, several companies were not able to resume immediately. Businesses may be required to hold larger inventories at scale for fear that their suppliers may not be able to give the materials that they needed on time. An evidence on these was shown in the article of Looney wherein the auto industry production was interrupted because availability   of components were not immediately shipped out because of the delays in the crossing of the US-Canada Borders. The attack may have lead investors to avoid risking their money in businesses. As a result, higher risk premiums may be passed on to businesses in the form of higher interest rates, and lower equity prices. This could also lead to lower equity prices, business investment lowering and smaller capital stocks. The attack had been a terrorism activity. In response to this issue, the government would most likely divert their attention in strengthening the country’s defense through the military. Many resources may be diverted to military use. Research and Development Resources can be also shifted to concentrate on the development of new devices to thwart terrorism activities. Since there had been interruption in the cross-borders of the country, investors may think twice in investing abroad and concentrate on domestic investments. During this time, the â€Å"anthrax† scare is already being shown in the media. Several investors and the government may have taken this into consideration as such higher cost could be experienced because the businesses and the government would closely inspect items going in and out of the country. In the Chicago GSB magazine, the authors have included economic recovery for the country. According to Kevin Murphy, part of the debate team, expected recovery of the economy may occur within 15 months after the attack. Measured loss in the economy is estimated to be at 0.6% of the total asset of the country. Judging from the percentage of economic loss, the percentage shows a very minimal figure. Gary S. Becker, another part of the team had also stated that the country had retained basically all the human capital prior to the attack and because of this, the US economy would recover fully. It has been 6 years since the attack of the terrorist in the United States. Prior to the attack the economy of the country is already in the decline stage and this had been accelerated by the attack in the World Trade Center. Although the attack had greatly affected the economy, it is necessary to think on the before situation of the country because that situation had also affected the impact of the attack. The economy of the United States had already recovered since then, however, same security measures are still being by the country to address the issue of terrorism.

The Neo Aristotelian Criticism English Literature Essay

The Neo Aristotelian Criticism English Literature Essay First I will begin with Invention. According to Leith Aristotle said that the basic job of the rhetorician is to discover the best available means of persuasion. Thats what is meant, in this context, by invention. In invention, I would like to analyse using proof. The proof which makes speech persuasive norm is composed of 3 elements. These are logos, ethos and pathos. The first form is logos. This speech seems logically structured. She organises this speech chronologically. She promotes general family background as acceptable to the audiences (36-77) and then applies their story to her arguments. The First ladys backstory draws the audiences attention and prepares them to guess what her speech is about. By describing the values learnt from their family (76-88), she paves the way for the idea that the decisions Barrack has made during his term, are guided by the learnt values. In 90-95, her implication is that ones character is not something one can change, or imitate, or gain from h is or her advisers. Furthermore, she implicitly describes Presidential-level decisions which require weighty responsibility should be based on the character. In order to prove her arguments, she provides several examples what Barrack has done in his term (102-126). After that she implies that he who is the first African-American President has not changed and still possesses the values (134-167). In the closing part, she frames his emphasis on values and fairness concerning the election. She makes a plea for vote for him for his second term. The second form is ethos. There are some indications that she is trying to provide credibility to audiences. Michelle provides her backstory to let audiences identify similarities in their experience and belief. In 36-37, she emphasises that Obamas rather unusual upbringing is really no different from hers. In 78-85, she tells about their values which learned from their family. In 83-85, she subtly addresses one of the points that her husband has tried in his period by keeping the focus on the people whove helped them and gives hints at right decisions that he has made. This builds his commitment and integrity for his time in the presidency. In 102-126, she mentions his 5 actions which audiences were able to trust during his term serving the U.S people. Especially, in 108-110, her statement is intended to remind audiences that her husband doesnt always choose the easy thing to do politically. Again, she connects it to how he was raised. In 200-208, she makes an inclusive promise that Barrack will make a commitment for the U.S people. The last proof is pathos. Michelle delivers an elaborately detailed story of her early life with her husband. In her story, she mentions the grandfather who suffered with multiple sclerosis, and thus evokes sympathy and their daughters to give an individual touch. Her mission is to humanise her husband for people who think that his life is remote from the lives of ordinary Americans. She makes an emotional connection between herself and audiences that Barack himself has struggled before being President and shows him as a normal family man. She illuminates current the hard issues he faces, (89-95) and this gives recognition recent concerns of some audiences so as to show his desire to share the pain with the nation as a whole. Her speech shows the common touch, highlighting the financial crisis with major issues in the U.S. She calls out to the uniform people for linking emotion of pride and patriotism. She references America several times to bring them together. Finally, the self-described mom-in-chief (198) successfully gives effective emotion. The second part is arrangement of the speech. Keith and Lundberg (2008, 55) shows that this strategy guides listeners through the speech and helps them identify and remember the most important points. The organisational pattern is quite simplistic and the speech is arranged in the order of time, which delivers her goals that people might choose to support her husband. In Exordium (1-17), she starts a sequence of thanks and gives proper respect to those who she has met while serving their first lady in order to captures the audiences attention. She does this to bring awareness to audiences of the issues in her speech. Then, in Narratio (21-88), she tells audiences about her and Barracks family backstory before moving to Washington. She also speaks briefly of first getting to know him. She once again emphasises that Barrack was brought up in similar family environment. In this paragraph, she highlights their shared mind to show they are normal and humble people just like their audience s. Moreover she focuses more on the bigger picture, which is the vision and values that guided him as President. With the story, she intends to lay the foundation for the idea that the decisions Barrack has made during his term are guided by the values learnt from his background. In Partitio (89-129), she previews her speech arguments. She shares the current critical tasks on Barracks desk and reassures the audiences that Barrack has made efforts to solve national issues such as Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, tax cuts, creating jobs, health reform and student aids. In Confirmatio (132 -173), she focuses on arguments that his position of President has not changed him. She delivers persuasive speech with regards to his responsibility, family care, and his hard-work and wants to share her love to Barrack with audiences. In 174- 196, Obama shows sympathy toward the hardships American people have endured and appreciated their sacrifices theyve made and service for the country. In Perorati o (200-209), she emphasises his value once again and makes a final plea to the audiences for supporting Barrack. She delivers her assertion of what must be done, and uses traditional final blessing. The final canon in this critique is style. Lawson-Tancred (2000, 215) refers to Aristotles view of style as follows rhetoric is a practical skill and that the study of presentation is therefore required by the baseness of the audience. In general, she chooses not to pursue political argument on the competitive aspects of this campaign, but tries to focus on the positive and bright aspects with personal approach. I would analyse her speech with Figures and Tropes. The distinctive figure in her speech is repetition. In repetition of words and phrases, 6 Anaphora are used in I loved, we learned, the man, I see, I love, and if. And also, 2 Antistrophe are identified in story. so. Furthermore, this speech has 2 repetition of sounds, one is alliteration dignity and decency, another is rhyme honesty and integrity. She uses these repetition styles with triple and extended-triple to make her points and arguments more persuasive and memorable. She uses jokes about their middle-class life in th e past in order to humanise her husband and make him more appealing and accessible to audiences (32-25, 121). Additionally she uses Tropes: metonymy and metaphor. She uses the metonymy in uniform representing people who serve in military, police, and etc. for the United Sates of America. Also she uses a metaphor with America to link it to the concept of America, to address the nation with easy familiarity and to evoke good patriotism. In summary, her speech concentrates on reassurance and of her intention to make this speech uplifting to the audiences. Her style with a personal approach reaches out to the audiences not just the First lady addressing ask for vote for her husband. In conclusion, Michelles speech is quite narrative, deliberative and persuasive norm and makes audiences to believe Barracks campaign and to reassure how to lead the nation of a better way in a respectable way. She combines personal stories with broader policies of what her husband believes in. This speech was well-written with a mixture of soft jokes to clearly accomplish the goal of reminding Barracks humanism and the reason why U.S people like him. I think she indicates well what the speech is about and easily understands how her issues relate to one another. The First ladys speech connected their background to the values helps guide Mr. Obama as President. However, from the point of purpose of convention speech, which is usually about making a connection between the right man and the right moment, I dont think it gives a powerful impact in the content, the theme, the vision except for one line being President doesnt change who you are. One more thing I feel sense of loss is that this speech is too biographical about her husband who is running for the 2nd term, and she tries to utilise too many emotions to motivate people to vote him. I have to acknowledge that this analysis excludes the other rhetorical canons, memory and delivery. Therefore, there are some limitations in identifying whether this speech meets the needs of audiences because delivering a speech can be successful when all devices work in place.

Daniel Millers Material Cultures: Why Some Things Matter Essay example

In the introduction to Material Cultures: Why Some Things Matter, Daniel Miller describes the book as part of the second stage of the development of material culture studies. The first stage was the recognition by writers such as Appadurai and Bourdieu as well as Miller that material culture is important and worthy of study. The second stage is the argument made in this book: that it is crucial to focus on "the diversity of material worlds" without reducing these material worlds to symbols for "real" social processes nor cloistering them in sub-studies of like objects. That things matter has already been ascertained; this books intends to investigate "why some things matter" more than others and in particular contexts. Miller claims a focus on objects themselves that does not however "fetishize" :What we may regard as unique to our approach is that we remain focused upon the object that is being investigated but within a tradition that prevents any simple fetishization of material form. Indeed we feel that it is precisely those studies that quickly move the focus from object to society in their fear of fetishism and their apparent embarrassment at being, as it were, caught gazing at mere objects, that retain the negative consequences of the term ‘fetishism.’ It is for them that Coke is merely a material symbol, banners stand in a simple moment of representation or radio becomes mere text to be analyzed. In such analysis the myriad diversity of artefacts can easily become reduced to generic forms such as ‘text’, ‘art’, or ‘semiotic.’ In such approaches it is not only the objects that remain fetishized but also, as Latour (1993) has argued with resp ect to the fetishism within debates about science, it is the idea of ‘society’ as ... ...usic is a good example. Besides the aural experience of listening to music, there is the physical experience of the bass vibrating your body; that feeling is directly related to the nature of the medium by which you are listening. The stereo with four foot speakers or the kitchen radio are things that matter too. CDs come into one’s possession bearing, besides music, artistic cover art, printed lyrics, and the thanks to families and deities by the musicians involved. Things are polyvalent, and things are made up of other things and attached in literal and figurative ways to still other things. And I think it is worth gazing a bit more intently at those objects and all their physical, sensual attributes. That fear of objects does not seem to be entirely gone; there is still a tendency to switch rapidly to the social and symbolic valences of those sensual experiences.

Difference in Metaphysics Between Aristotle and Kant

What is the central difference between metaphysics as Kant conceives it, and metaphysics as Aristotle conceives it? Argue in support of one or the other view. Metaphysics is usually taken to involve both questions of what is existence and what types of things exist; in order to answer either questions, one will find itself using and investigating the concepts of being.Aristotle  proposed the first of these investigations which he called ‘first philosophy’, also known as ‘the science of being’ however overtime his writings came to be best known as ‘Metaphysics’ in which he studied being qua being with a central theme of how substance may be defined as a category of being. Kant who is a nominalist criticized both Aristotelian and therefore realists’ ideas of metaphysics by suggesting that they seek to go beyond the limits of human knowledge.Furthermore Kant argued that the structure of the world as it is in itself is unreachable to us; me taphysicians must be content to explain the structure of our thinking about that world. In this essay I will examine the two main exponents of such a doctrine in favor of realists by looking at the main differences of Metaphysics as Aristotle and Kant conceive it, which is centered on the all important question of whether metaphysics is a science of mind or of being.There have been disagreements between philosophers about the nature of metaphysics; Aristotle sometimes characterizes the discipline as the attempt to identify the first cause or better referred to as the unmoved mover and other times as the very universal science of being qua being. It is however important to remember that both of these characterizations identify one and the same discipline. On the other hand the empiricists and Kant were critical of both Aristotelian and rationalist ideas of metaphysics, by arguing that both disciplines seek to exceed the limits of human knowledge.Kant argued that the structure of the world as it is in itself is inaccessible to us and that metaphysicians must be content to describe the structure of our thinking about that world. Realists such as Plato and Aristotle maintain that for language to even exist there must be some universal quality to phenomenon. To elaborate, human beings do not discuss each object as a completely independent entity to be analyzed but rather draw comparisons to other known objects to compile a series of properties to categorize it.Nominalists, on the other hand, while not denying that humans group things together by virtue of certain qualities, maintain that this is simply a convention of language based on people's perception of them. Just because two objects share the same perceptible quality does not necessarily warrant grouping them together in any real way; it's simply a human way of making sense of reality through the senses. As soon as one asks the most basic questions of ‘what is Aristotelian Metaphysics? What study does A ristotle believe himself to be undertaking in these essays? you find yourself, baffled immediately. ‘Metaphysics’ is in fact a compilation of a number of Aristotle’s writings that later on editors put together. It has a central theme of an inquiry into how substance may be defined as a category of being. Book Gamma appears to start on characterizing something which Aristotle calls ‘the science of being qua being’ and then goes on to a discussion of the principle of non contradiction. â€Å"There is science which investigates being qua being and the attributes which belong to this in virtue of its own† (Warrington, 1956, P116).In order to study being qua being, one has to simply study those qualities which hold of entities in virtue of the fact that they are entities. What sort of attributes are qualities of entities qua being? Aristotle insists on unity or oneness as such a feature, on the grounds that everything – everything which exis ts is one thing. However Aristotle’s characterization of the subject raises a few doubts: why is there a need to restrict logic to entities? Is the word ‘qua’ appropriate? No doubt each entity is one thing but is it one thing qua being, or insofar as it exists?Although book Epsilon is rather brief, it shows a return to the science of being qua being and also passes some remarks on truth. â€Å"If there any immovable substances, then the science which deals with them must be prior, and it must be primary philosophy† (Loux, 2006, p14). This shows that the immoveable substances are divinities. Book Zeta appears to restrict our subject matter in a rather different way: ‘the question which, both now and in the past, is continually posed and continually puzzled over is this: what is being? That is to say, what is substance? This question defines the nature of Aristotle’s inquiries, at least for a large part of the Metaphysics, and it thus offers a f ourth account of the study or science of metaphysics. â€Å"The science of first principles, the study of being qua being, theology, the investigation into substance – four compatible descriptions of the same discipline? Perhaps there is no one discipline which can be identified as Aristotelian Metaphysics? And perhaps this thought should not disturb us: we need only recall that the metaphysics was composed by Andronicus rather than by Aristotle.But the four descriptions do have at least one thing in common: they are dark and obscure† (Ross, 1996, p174). Books Zeta, Eta and Theta, together form the central part of the Metaphysics, with a focus on their general topic ‘substance’: its classification and relation to matter and forms, to actuality and to potentiality, to change and generation. According to Aristotle, there is one kind of being which is in the strictest and fullest sense, substance. What we don’t see in Metaphysics is Aristotle treating the categories as a whole.The substance is the whole thing, including the qualities, relations etc which form its essence and this can exist apart. Secondary substances being universals, cannot according to Aristotle’s own doctrine exist apart, but must be supplemented by the special qualities of their individual members. Substance is prior in definition; in defining a member of any other category you must include the definition of the underlying substance. Substance is prior for knowledge; we know a thing better when we know what is than when we know what quality, quantity or place it has.In this realist point of view substance is evidently being thought of not as the concrete thing but as the essential nature. And this double meaning spreads through Aristotle’s whole treatment of substance. The existence of substance and the distinction between it and other categories is for Aristotle self-evident. Kant on the other hand seems to suggest that the necessity for metaph ysics is a psychological one, arising out of men’s desires which is the main difference between Aristotle and him; however I would argue against Kant that this is not the case and it is a logical necessity.It arises out of the mere pursuit of knowledge thus that pursuit, which we call science, is an attempt to think in a logical and systematic manner. This involves unraveling the presuppositions of our thoughts. Furthermore it involves discovering that some of them are relative presuppositions which have to be justified and that others are absolute presuppositions, which neither stand in need of justification nor can in fact be justified; and a person who has made this discovery is already a metaphysician.Kant intends to defend metaphysic and scientific knowledge by providing an accurate analysis of human reason. His theory is based on his discovery of synthetic a priori knowledge, judgments that are both informative and necessary. However I would argue against this nominalis t point of you as there’s a problem with explaining how much judgment should arise, as well as to give an explanation of their truth.In other words The Critique of Pure Reason argues that the necessary metaphysical principles underlying all hypothetical knowledge originate in the pure forms of feeling and the intellect. Furthermore In Kant’s point of view, there are no universal concepts underlying reality, simply the phenomenon in front of us. Realists, on the other hand, maintain that all things that share the same property — for example, greenness for all things with the color green — are therefore linked by this property. Sharing this property implies possession of the same universal form.Nominalism posits that what is perceived is what exists in reality, whereas realists view a perceived object as the manifestation of a universal concept. Consequently, perception is not a one-to-one process of seeing something as it actually exists, but a synthesis o f the underlying concept and real phenomena. Kant wrote the Critique of Pure Reason not as a piece of constructive metaphysical thinking, but it was placed before the public in order to move away from errors which had obstructed and did obstruct metaphysical thinking.In his preface, he argued that his view of Metaphysics is concerned with God, freedom and immortality; however as well as dealing with these subjects, it also signified an inquiry to which men could never be indifferent and which they would never renounce thus the question was no longer about whether people should have metaphysics or no metaphysics but whether they should have good metaphysics or bad metaphysics. He also argued that metaphysicians were to blame for this state of things and that a sounder metaphysics was not to be looked for until those errors had been cleared away. Kant’s way of accommodating both the Aristotelian and Newtonian world pictures alike- both natural teleology and natural mechanism is to ground both in the necessary possibility of rational human nature. According to Kant, the natural world is an objectively real material world in which human persons actually do exist, and consequently in which human persons must also be possible† (Hanna, 2006, p15). Kant’s point is that if metaphysical knowledge is possible, it will share some of the distinctiveness of logic.For Kant, any science must be based on necessary principles as one would not be able to be certain of what theories are true if scientific principles were only contingent. However unlike logic, which is purely formal, metaphysics has content because it is the science of reality. For Kant, The Laws of logic are not absolute or universal they are in fact left with everything else knowable as phenomenal. ‘Nominalist is true’ and ‘A and Not A, cannot both be true’ are both true statements but only and only because this is the way our subjective minds structure and condition reality.They can never true in the universal and absolute sense without this phenomenological caution. For Kant these statements are not necessarily true (though it may be) outside of phenomenal experience. There is no question that Kant intends his theory of pure concepts to replace Aristotle’s theory of the categories. In his categories, Aristotle identified ten classes as the fundamental ontological types under which all things fall: substance, quantity, quality, relation, place, time, posture, state, action and passion.He thought that things falling under all categories could be subject of essential predications, but only substances can keep their identities while undergoing change in time. In general the categories express metaphysical principles that set limits on meaningful discussions. Kant’s idea of categories differentiated from Aristotle’s in the sense that, he argued rather being empirical, in order for the categories to be successful, they must sho w that the concepts are pure and have originated in understanding rather than sensibility.In addition the list must include only fundamental concepts, and it must be systematic to ensure completeness. Kant believes it is possible to obtain a complete list because pure concepts express functions of the understanding, thus the key to a complete list is to assume that the understanding has one function. It can be argued that this method is an improvement over Aristotle’s who merely conducted an empirical survey of concepts, which can never guarantee the systematic completeness of the list. In Aristotle’s case it is unclear whether he saw it as a doctrine about things and their basic properties or about language and its basic predicates; whereas  Kant  quite explicitly used his categories as features of our way of thinking, and so applied them only to things as they appear to us, not as they really or ultimately are† (Barnes, 1995, p75). In conclusion Aristotle a nd Kant’s metaphysics differentiate in the sense that one is arguing in favor of realism and the other is arguing in favor of Nominalism.Although there is no doubt that both ideas have faults, the account I agree the most with is indeed Aristotle’s conception of metaphysics as it focuses on the logical necessity of metaphysics rather than psychological. The main differences between the two accounts can be seen in their treatment of perception, treatment of universals and treatment of language. Bibliography Ackrill, J. L. 1995. Aristotle. London: Routledge. 161 Allison, H. E. 2012. Essays on Kant. Oxford: Oxford University Press Barnes, J. 1995. The Cambridge companion to Aristotle. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Buroker, J. V. 2006.Kant’s Critique of pure reason: an introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University press. Page 8 Collingwood, R. G, 1966. An essay on Metaphysics. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Hanna, R. 2006. Kant, Science and Human Nature. O xford University Press: Oxford. Loux, J. 2006. Metaphysics a contemporary introduction. London: Routledge Ross, D. 1996. Aristotle. London: Routledge Shields, C. 2007. Aristotle. London: Routledge Gardner, S. 1999. Kant and the Critique of Pure Reason. London: Routledge Smith, N. K. 2007. Critique of Pure Reason. London: Palgrave Macmillan Warrington, J. 1956. Aristotle’s Metaphysics. London: J. M. Dent & Sons

General Education Essay

AUB is committed to offering its students a broad undergraduate liberal arts education that enables them to acquire the analytical skills and habits of life-long learning that they will need to compete successfully in the twenty-first century. The General Education distribution requirements are intended to expose students to a range of intellectual experiences during their time at AUB. We want to give our students the opportunity to make choices and to question and test what they believe are their career goals and their intellectual interests. In addition to courses in their academic majors and the opportunity to take minor concentrations in specific fields, all AUB students must take a minimum of 33-36 credits of general education requirements distributed in the following fields: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ 3-6 credits in English Communication Skills through English 204 (English 206 in FEA). 3 credits in Arabic Communication Skills (except those formally exempted) 6 credits in Natural Science. 12 credits in Humanities. 6 credits in Social Science. 3 credits in Quantitative Thought. We believe that a student who has chosen to follow a course of study at AUB leading to a degree in a professional field such as engineering should be exposed to the humanities and social sciences. By the same token, a student who plans to major in history should have the opportunity to take science courses and to work in a lab. While being exposed to various fields of knowledge, we also want our students to have the opportunity to experience different modes of learning (lectures, seminars, labs, and independent research projects). Different modes of analysis are designed to enhance students’ verbal and interactive skills (seminars), writing and analytic skills (research projects), and hands-on experimental skills (laboratories). These distribution requirements may be met by either required or elective courses. Humanities and Social Sciences courses are divided into two lists: List I and List II within each domain. Students are required to select their courses as follows: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Two Humanities courses from Humanity List I. (FAS Students are required to select CVSP courses) Two Humanities courses from either Humanities lists I and II. One Social Science course from Social Sciences List I. One Social Science course from either Social Sciences lists. 1 In addition, No more than two courses from the student’s major may fulfill the Humanities requirement, no more than one course from the student’s major may fulfill the Social Science requirement, and no more than one course from the student’s major may fulfill the Natural Science requirement. Students who are exempted from Arabic are required to take a Humanity or a Language course instead, unless their Faculty requires otherwise. Students who cannot fulfill the Arabic Communications Skills requirement will be asked to sit for an Arabic Placement Test. According to the result, they may take ARAB201A in replacement to the Arabic Communications Skills requirement. FAS requires that a minimum of six credits in Humanities must be taken from CVSP courses 201-208. FAS Students must complete one course from each of the two CVSP sequences; that is, one course from Sequence I followed by one course from Sequence II. The list of approved General Education courses will be updated regularly on the Registrar’s Office website. Arabic Communication Skills Courses: ARAB 201A, ARAB 201B, ARAB211, ARAB212, ARAB 221, ARAB225, ARAB 227, ARAB 228, ARAB 229, ARAB230, ARAB 231, ARAB232, ARAB234, ARAB235, ARAB236, ARAB 237, ARAB238, ARAB 243, ARAB 245, ARAB 246, ARAB249, ARAB 251J, ARAB252C, ARAB290. English Communication Skills Courses ENGL 203, ENGL 204, ENGL 206, ENGL 208 Humanities List I: AMST : AMST 215, AMST 230, AMST 240, AMST 275L, AMST 275F, AMST 275M, AMST 275N, AMST 275O, AMST 275R, AMST 275S, AMST276J, AMST276K, AMST276L, AMST276M, AMST276P ARAB 201B, ARAB 230, ARAB 232, ARAB 233, ARAB 234, ARAB 235, ARAB 238, ARAB 239, ARAB 240, ARAB 243, ARAB 247, ARAB 251 ARCH 121, ARCH 122, ARCH 223, ARCH 224 AROL 201, AROL 212, AROL 214, AROL 217, AROL 219, AROL 222, AROL 225, AROL 226, AROL 231, AROL 235I, AROL 235J, AROL235K ARAB : ARCH : AROL : 2 CVSP Sequence I : CVSP 201, CVSP 202, CVSP 205,CVSP 207A, CVSP 207C, CVSP207E, CVSP 207H, CVSP 207R,CVSP207I, CVSP295L CVSP Sequence II: CVSP 203, CVSP 204, CVSP206, CVSP 208C, CVSP 208D, CVSP 208F, CVSP 208G, CVSP 208H, CVSP 208J, CVSP208K, CVSP208L CVSP: CVSP 212, CVSP 215, CVSP 216, CVSP 217, CVSP 250, CVSP251, CVSP295O ENGL: ENGL 201, ENGL 207, ENGL210, ENGL 216, ENGL 217, ENGL219, ENGL 221,ENGL 224, ENGL 225, ENGL226, ENGL 227, ENGL 236, ENGL240, ENGL 244D, ENGL 242 , ENGL 243, ENGL 244H, ENGL 244I, ENGL 246, ENGL 249, ENGL 251 FAAH: FAAH 227A, FAAH 227B, FAAH 227C,FAAH 228A, FAAH 229A, FAAH229B, FAAH 229C, FAAH229E , FAAH238, FAAH 232, FAAH 247, FAAH 265, FAAH/TH270 HIST: HIST 201, HIST202, HIST214, HIST 212, HIST 217, HIST 218, HIST 220, HIST220B, HIST 225, HIST 226, HIST 227, HIST 234, HIST 237, HIST 238, HIST 245, HIST 251, HIST 257, HIST 258AE, HIST 258AG, HIST258AH, HIST 258AI, HIST 258AJ, HIST 258AK, HIST 258B, HIST 259, HIST262 PHIL: PHIL 201, PHIL 205, PHIL 210, PHIL 213,PHIL214, PHIL217, PHIL 218, PHIL 222, PHIL 223, PHIL 230, PHIL 231, PHIL 232, PHIL 249, PHIL 252F, PHIL 256B. OTHERS: LDEM201, PSPA 210, SOAN207/ MCOM 202, MCOM280, SOAN225, SOAN 238A/ MCOM 291 List II: AMST : ARAB : AROL : ENGL: FAAH: HIST: PHIL: OTHERS: AMST240, AMST 276I, AMST276N AMST276O, AMST275P, AMST275T, AMST275U,AMST276Q ARAB 216,ARAB 231,ARAB 236,ARAB 246, ARAB290 AROL 211, AROL 213, AROL 215, AROL 216, AROL 223, AROL 224, AROL 235F, AROL 235L ENGL 205, ENGL 211, ENGL 212, ENGL 213, ENGL 214, ENGL 215, ENGL 218, ENGL 222, ENGL 223, ENGL 229, ENGL 233, ENGL 237, ENGL239, ENGL241, ENGL 244S, ENGL 248A, ENGL 250, ENGL 252 , ENGL 253. FAAH229D, FAAH 235, FAAH 240, FAAH 241, FAAH 244, FAAH 245,  FAAH 261, FAAH262, FAAH265. HIST258AD, HIST258AM, HIST 260,HIST261 PHIL 206, PHIL 209, PHIL216, PHIL 221, PHIL 251, PHIL251D, PHIL252G, PHIL256C, PHIL257B, PHIL 260, PHIL 260G, PHIL 260E, PHIL 260F, PHIL 262C, PHIL310, PHIL312/3 BUSS 215, EDUC 228, EDUC 229, EDUC 290C, ENGM504, LDEM260,MCOM204, PSPA 216, PSPA 217, SOAN215, SOAN217, SOAN243E. Social Sciences 3 List I: ECON: EDUC: PSPA: PSYC: SOAN: OTHERS: ECON 211, ECON 212, ECON 217 EDUC 215, EDUC 223,EDUC290K PSPA 202, PSPA212, PSPA218, PSPA222, PSPA 238 PSYC 202 SOAN 201, SOAN 203, SOAN 204/ MCOM 201, SOAN 205/ MCOM 203, SOAN 206/ MCOM 240, SOAN 210, SOAN213, SOAN221, SOAN 227,SOAN 228/ MCOM 220, SOAN 229/ MCOM 221, SOAN 230 MCOM 250, SOAN 231/ MCOM 251, SOAN 233/ MCOM 260, SOAN 236/ MCOM 241, MCOM242, MCOM252, SOAN 240, SOAN 241, SOAN 243/ MCOM 261, MCOM281, SOAN 290I, SOAN 290L ARCH 331, AGSC 212, AGSC 213, GRDS231, HBED/HPCH200, HBED/HPCH 201, MNGT 215, ENGL 230, ENGL235. List II: ECON: EDUC: PSPA: SOAN: OTHERS: ECON 203 EDUC 211, EDUC 218, EDUC 230 PSPA 201, PSPA 213, PSPA 221 SOAN 207/ MCOM 202, SOAN 232, SOAN 234/ MCOM 230, SOAN 235/ MCOM 231, SOAN 242, SOAN 245, SOAN 290/ MCOM 290. ENGL 247, HBED/HPCH 203, HMPD 204, HMPD 251. Natural Sciences BIOL: CHEM: GEOL: PHYS: OTHERS: BIOL 200, BIOL 201, BIOL 209, BIOL 210, BIOL 290EE CHEM 200, CHEM 201, CHEM 202, CHEM 204, CHEM 205, CHEM 207, CHEM 208, CHEM 209 GEOL 201, GEOL 205 PHYS 200, PHYS 204, PHYS 205, PHYS 210, PHYS  211, PHYS 212 ARCH151,AGSC203,AGSC204, AVSC 220, AVSC 224, AVSC281, BIOC 246, ENHL 220, LDEM 217, PHYL246. Quantitative Thought CMPS: MATH: OTHERS: CMPS 200, CMPS 206, CMPS 209 MATH 201, MATH 203, MATH 204, MATH 211, MATH 218 EECE 230, EPHD 203, EPHD 213, NURS 203, PHIL 211, PHIL220, STAT201, STAT210, EDUC271, PHIL256.

Guyana-Land of Many Waters Essay Example

Guyana Guyana-Land of Many Waters Essay Guyana-Land of Many Waters Essay Guyana is a autonomous province on the northern seashore of South America. Culturally Guyana is portion of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana is one of the few Caribbean states that is non an island. The Caribbean Community ( CARICOM ) . of which Guyana is a member. has its secretariat’s central office in Guyana’s capital. Georgetown. Guyana was originally colonized by the Netherlands. Later. it became a British settlement and remained so for over 200 old ages until it achieved independency on 26 May 1966 from the United Kingdom. On 23 February 1970. Guyana officially became a democracy. In 2008. the state joined the Union of South American Nations as a founding member. Guyana. a member province of the Commonwealth of Nations. is the lone South American state whose official linguistic communication is English. Historically. the part known as Guiana or Guyana comprised the big shield landmass North of the Amazon River and E of the Orinoco River known as the Land of many waters . Historical Guyana consists of three Dutch settlements: Essequibo. Demerara. and Berbice. Modern Guyana is bordered by Suriname to the E ; by Brazil to the South and sou-west ; by Venezuela to the West ; and by the Atlantic Ocean to the North. : At 215. 000 square kilometers ( 83. 000 sq myocardial infarction ) . Guyana is the third-smallest independent province on the mainland of South America after Uruguay and Suriname. Its population is about 770. 000. The name Guyana is derived from Guiana. the original name for the part that now includes Guyana. Suriname. Gallic Guiana. and parts of Colombia. Venezuela and Brazil. Harmonizing to the Oxford English Dictionary. the name comes from an Amerindian word significance land of many waters . here are nine Native American folks shacking in Guyana: the Wai Wai. Machushi. Patamona. Arawak. Carib. Wapishana. Arecuna. Akawaio. and Warrau. Historically the Arawak and Carib folks dominated Guyana. Although Christopher Columbus sighted Guyana during his 3rd ocean trip ( in 1498 ) . the Dutch were the first to set up settlements: Essequibo ( 1616 ) . Berbice ( 1627 ) . and Demerara ( 1752 ) . After the British assumed control in the late eighteenth century. the Dutch officially ceded the country in 1814. In 1831 the three separate settlements became a individual British settlement known as British Guiana. A map of Dutch Guiana 1667–1814. Since Independence in 1824. Venezuela has claimed the country of land to the West of the Essequibo River. Simon Bolivar wrote to the British authorities warning against the Berbice and Demerara colonists settling on land which the Venezuelans claimed was theirs. In 1899 an international court ruled the land belonged to Great Britain. Map of British Guiana. Guyana achieved independency from the United Kingdom on 26 May 1966 and became a democracy on 23 February 1970. staying a member of the Commonwealth. The US State Department and the US Central Intelligence Agency ( CIA ) . along with the British authorities. played a strong function in act uponing political control in Guyana during this clip. The American authorities supported Forbes Burnham during the early old ages of independency because Cheddi Jagan was identified as a Marxist. They provided secret fiscal support and political run advice to Burnham’s People’s National Congress. to the hurt of the Jagan-led People’s Progressive Party. which was largely supported by Native American Guyanese. In 1978. Guyana received international notice when 918 members of the American cult. Peopless Temple. died in a mass murder/suicide. Most of the self-destructions were American and more than 300 kids were killed ; the people were members of a group led by Jim Jones in Jonestown. the colony which they had created. Jim Jones’ escorts had earlier attacked people set downing at a little remote flight strip near to Jonestown. killing five people. including Leo Ryan. the lone congresswoman of all time murdered in the line of responsibility in US history. In May 2008. President Bharrat Jagdeo was a signer to the UNASUR Constitutive Treaty of the Union of South American Nations. Guyana has ratified the pact.

Free Essays on Water Pollution

Water pollution has been a problem for a very long time. There are many different kinds of water pollution. Water pollution causes many problems with the living plants and animals in the water. Water has always been used to carry away unwanted trash. Since the beginning of civilization people have used our waters to dump their trash in. Rivers, streams, canals, lakes, and oceans are currently used as receptacles for every imaginable kind of pollution. Lakes are especially polluted because they cannot cleanse themselves as rapidly as rivers or oceans. Materials that decay over a short period of time are called, biodegradable materials. Biodegradable materials are less of a long-term threat to the enviroment than materials like metals, plastics, and some chlorinated hydrocarbons, but can still damage a water supply for long periods of time. Metals, plastics, and some chlorinated hydrocarbons remain in the water and can make it poisonous for most forms of life. These materials are not b iodegrable, which means that they are a greater risk to the enviroment. There are many different kinds of water pollution. A common kind of water pollution is the effect caused by heavy concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous, which are used by plants for growth. In large amounts nirogen and phosphorus cause tiny water algae to boom, or grow rapidly. When the algae die, oxygen is needed to decompose them. Which then creates an oxygen definiency in the water, which causes the death of many animals. These events speed up the process of the aging and evental drying up of a lake. Another way water is polluted is by sedimentation, which is the result of poor soil conservation practices. Sediment fills water-supply reservoirs and cloggs power turbines and irrigation pumps. It also diminishes the amount of sunlight that can penetrate the water. The silting of streams is another kind of water pollution. A heavy load of silt kills fish indirectly by reducing the a... Free Essays on Water Pollution Free Essays on Water Pollution The following essay will be looking at the factors that cause pollution, and the effect that pollution has on our world today. It will also investigate what it has in store for the future if things do not improve. It will also explore some of the methods used to treat and clean-up wastewater, and oil spills. Today, the industrialization of Canada is severely affecting this nations lakes, streams, and rivers. If something is not done to improve the situation it is going to have some severe environmental problems in its future. Today pollution is very high in both inland and marine waters. All different types of water pollution are contributing factors in this problem. Here are some things that are associated with pollution: Pathogens: Pathogens are disease causing bacteria, viruses, and protozoa. They usually come from human sewage. As pathogen numbers increase, so does the risk of human health. Biochemical Oxygen Demand: Organic wastes that decay in a body of water. decrease the amount of oxygen found in it. The living things in the lake need oxygen to survive. If the oxygen level is depressed to zero, all fish in the lake die. Any decomposition that does not contain oxygen starts to generate noxious gases such as Hydrogen Sulfide. Pulp and paper mills, and municipal sewage causes BOD. Nutrients: Nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, enrich waters and accelerate the aging of lakes and streams. Also, the result of this is rich plant life which prohibits recreational activities. Plankton blooms depress oxygen levels (as mentioned before) and therefore, endanger living organisms. Major sources of nutrients are municipal sewage and agricultural runoff. Toxic Materials: Can affect the health of aquatic organisms and their consumers, and the people who drink the contaminated water. The toxicants include lead, mercury, DDT, PCB, benzopyrene, oil, and dibutyl phthalate. These chemicals enter the l... Free Essays on Water Pollution Water pollution has been a problem for a very long time. There are many different kinds of water pollution. Water pollution causes many problems with the living plants and animals in the water. Water has always been used to carry away unwanted trash. Since the beginning of civilization people have used our waters to dump their trash in. Rivers, streams, canals, lakes, and oceans are currently used as receptacles for every imaginable kind of pollution. Lakes are especially polluted because they cannot cleanse themselves as rapidly as rivers or oceans. Materials that decay over a short period of time are called, biodegradable materials. Biodegradable materials are less of a long-term threat to the enviroment than materials like metals, plastics, and some chlorinated hydrocarbons, but can still damage a water supply for long periods of time. Metals, plastics, and some chlorinated hydrocarbons remain in the water and can make it poisonous for most forms of life. These materials are not b iodegrable, which means that they are a greater risk to the enviroment. There are many different kinds of water pollution. A common kind of water pollution is the effect caused by heavy concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous, which are used by plants for growth. In large amounts nirogen and phosphorus cause tiny water algae to boom, or grow rapidly. When the algae die, oxygen is needed to decompose them. Which then creates an oxygen definiency in the water, which causes the death of many animals. These events speed up the process of the aging and evental drying up of a lake. Another way water is polluted is by sedimentation, which is the result of poor soil conservation practices. Sediment fills water-supply reservoirs and cloggs power turbines and irrigation pumps. It also diminishes the amount of sunlight that can penetrate the water. The silting of streams is another kind of water pollution. A heavy load of silt kills fish indirectly by reducing the a...

Glenn Miller and the Swing/Big Band Era Essays - Instrumentals

Glenn Miller and the Swing/Big Band Era Glenn Miller led the most popular big band in the world during 1939-42 and the most beloved of all the swing-era orchestras. His big band played a wide variety of melodic music and had tremendous success in every area of music. He was with the group for two years, and put together an enjoyable and well-rounded show. Glenn Miller was a man who influenced bands greatly for years. Alton Glenn Miller was born on March 1, 1904 in Clarinda Iowa. His family had a tendency to move frequently, to places such as North Platte, Nebraska, and Grant City, Oklahoma. It was in Grant City that Glenn bought his first trombone, at the age of 13. He earned the money by milking cows for $2 a week (Glenn Miller Biography). Glenn attended high school in Fort Morgan, Colorado. He studied at the University of Colorado for 2 years. It was in college that his interest in music flourished. He continued to play the trombone, his favorite instrument. Even at his young age, he was good enough to play in the Boyd Senter Band in Denver. At that point his love for music took over. Miller dropped out of school and went to the west coast to try his luck at being a musician. Miller played with many small bands until he had the opportunity to join Ben Pollack's orchestra in 1926. At that time the band included such well-known musicians as Loschiavo 4 Benny Goodman, Gill Robin, Fud Livingston, and Dick Morgan. In September of 1926, the Pollack Band went into the recording studios and worked on "When I First Met Mary" and "Deed I Do". These were probably the first record arrangements that Glenn Miller wrote. He stayed with the band until it went to New York in 1928 (Glenn Miller Story). It was then that he married his early love, Helen Berger, and moved with her to Manhattan. In the coming years, he developed his talent by working with Red Nichols in pit orchestras, as Smith Ballew's musical director, and with the Dorsey Brothers. In 1934, Miller helped form Ray Noble's American Orchestra, which soon became popular through radio broadcasts. Miller was the lead trombonist and arranger. In 1937, he left the band, and his own popularity among big band circles enabled him to form his own band, the Glenn Miller Orchestra. They brought out a few records, and went on tour, but the attempt was doomed from the start. He could not keep the orchestra together and had to let all but four musicians go. What Miller needed was his own trademark to distinguish him from the other bands. In 1938, with encouragement from friends, he gave it another try, and Miller built up his new orchestra on the basis of the four remaining musicians Hal McIntyre (alto), Rolly Bundock (bass), Chummy MacGregor (piano) and Bob Price (Glenn Miller Story). This time Miller was lucky enough to be supported by one of the most important agencies of the General Artists corporation and to obtain a record contract with RCA Victor's Budget Bluebird Label. Glenn Miller again went on tour. At this time, he had the distinguishing characteristic in Loschiavo 5 his music of having a clarinet double the sax melody an octave higher. Times nonetheless, were hard until the big breakthrough came in 1939. The General Artist Corporation managed to get Miller an engagement at the Glen Island Casino New Rochelle. Glenn Miller's time had come: on May 17 the band played its first night to a sold-out house and by the end of the engagements all box-office records had been broken. From there they traveled to Baltimore at the beginning of September. At Baltimore's Hippodrome Theater all records were again broken. The orchestra returned to New York and played in front at the largest audience in the city's history at the New York State Fare. On September 9, he broke Guy Lombardo's record attendance from the year 1931 and on October 6 helped Carnegie Hall to achieve new record receipts. The recording was also going full swing. Four records per week were being recorded by the orchestra. It was during this period, on April 4, that Miller's signature

The Impact of Coffee on the Global Marke Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Impact of Coffee on the Global Marke - Essay Example Consumer demand is on the rise for such coffee and as people continue to drink such coffees the quality of coffee is one issue that will not be overlooked (Myers, n.d). Coffee is also consumed for its value of inhibiting sleep. This usually enables individuals who were involved in an activity to continue even late in the night without the inhibition of sleep.  Additionally, Coffee is a source of employment for many people of the world. Coffee is said to be the second most traded product after Oil (Solange   et..Al, 2011).  Ã‚   This potentially means that it provides employment to many people at different levels. These include the famers who plant the crop, the people who transport the crop to the market, the people involved in the conversion of coffee from berries to the finished product, the individuals providing packaging for the coffee as well as the marketers, distributers, Warehouse operators and also the shipping companies and many more.  In addition, the impact of Cof fee has many positives about the provision of a beverage and employments at different levels. That said, it cannot be overlooked that there have been certain challenges with regard to employment and the remuneration of people involved globally in the production of Coffee which need to be addressed. These have led to maintaining of the poverty cycle, gender discrimination, as well as enrichment of a few intermediaries at the expense of the majority who are involved in the production cycle. If these issues are not addressed.

Gangs in America Why are they so out of control Essay

Gangs in America Why are they so out of control - Essay Example Gang problem in New York and California have been a long persisting issue. When comparing to others states in the US, juveniles and young adults joining gangs in these states are quite noteworthy. Notably, in majority cases, the common cause for participating in gang violence has been concentrated on sourcing money through illegal means within a short-term period. To be mentioned in this regards, California accounts for low rate of employment and low education standards that in turn substantiates the motives of young people getting involved in gang violence to suffice their economic requirements. However, in the case of New York, the motive has been identified to be more social and persisting as a trend among the youngsters (Sherwell, 2013). Concerning the legal issues associated with gang crimes, the foremost concern arises regarding social security of the community people. To be noted, as guns and other life-threatening weapons become readily available among criminals and gang memb ers, social security is hindered in the community, raising risks of domestic terrorism and various other crimes. In addition, young members of the society are also likely to become more vulnerable to gangs, hampering the stability of the society as well as its legal system at large, which will be a long-term challenge (Greenfield, 2012). To counter the issues raised by gang crimes in the society, legal authorities in New York and in California have been taking major decisions through courts, which in turn have imposed massive impressions on the nature and trends of gang violence in these states. Correspondingly, a direct influence of these court decisions can be witnessed on the strategies taken to demoralize gang involvements amid the society. For instance, the government in the US has taken effective and useful steps to reduce the crime in the nation, empowering law enforcers (Richard, 1999).

Comparison of 3-Dimensional Radiotherapy with IMRT for nasopharyngeal Dissertation

Comparison of 3-Dimensional Radiotherapy with IMRT for nasopharyngeal cancer - Dissertation Example The treatment modality therefore, revolves around successful and complete removal of the tumour mass without damage to the vital organs around the tumour (Tham and Lu, 2010). Most of the critical analysis presented in this research is based on findings that have been carried out on patients of Eastern Asian origin. This is because nasopharyngeal carcinomas are prevalent in this population group. On the same note, some of the most significant research results and tabulations have been obtained from studies carried out in these geographical areas. One of the most significant facts about NPC is that these are diagnosed in later stages of cancer (Afqir, Ismaili and Errihani, 2009, pp 3). The close proximity of different regions leads to many problems after treatment is carried out. Adverse effects to the pituatory, thyroid and hypothalamic glands are commonly seen post treatment (Stevens et al, 1998). Soft tissue fibrosis leading to trismus and necrosis of the eye structures is also comm only seen (Stevens et al, 1998). Surgical treatment options are somewhat reserved due to the complex location of the tumour. Studies researching the efficacy of surgical treatment have shown higher tissue destruction, and increased chances in recurrence and metastasis, which are reflected in high mortality rates, with five year survival rates falling in the range of 33-57% only (Leu and Lee, 2009, pp 103). A similar study assessed the effects of salvage surgery on patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiation therapy. The study selected 38 patients with recurrence in NPC who underwent surgery (Chang et al, 2004, pp 499). The results showed a 3 year survival rate and local control rate of 69 and 72.8% respectively. Local control rates at the intracranial and skull base levels were 83.3%, and the overall morbidity rates were below 14% (Chang et al, 2004, pp 500). Morbidity rates with radiotherapy treatment alone fall between 40 To 50%, whereas combined radio and che motherapy provide survival rates of 55 to 80% respectively (Paulino and Louis, 2010). However, this study has very limited number of participants, making it difficult to state that the results are significant. However, when viewed in comparison to many other studies on the efficacy of combined radiotherapy, the results bear some significance. Another important consideration is that surgery can still become an option in cancers which are of larger size, in order to help reduce the severity and duration of the chemoradiation therapy. Very large cancers can be removed with the help of fine surgical instruments, after which pockets of tumour can be removed through radiation and chemotherapy. Surgical treatments however, have been largely replaced by the newer and more sophisticated technology of irradiation. However, chemotherapy is another major contender for treatments of NPC. Many drugs have been introduced, but so far, trials and researches have gathered evidence for cisplatin and 5 -florucil respectively. Trials of use of cisplatin combined with radiotherapy for NPC have shown an overall survival rate of 76% at two to three years, which is comparatively better than therapy from any one of the methods alone. Another trial on 130 patients showed a 46% rate of survival with combined chemotherapy compared to 25% of it when treatment was done with radiation alone at five years (Siewert, Salama and Vokes, 2006, pp 168 and 169). Other drugs that are being used or considered for combined

JWD Consulting wrote a business case before officially initiating the Essay

JWD Consulting wrote a business case before officially initiating the Project Management Intranet Site project - Essay Example There is a need to justify invest in IT project, if at all, it emerges to make sense in the field of IT. In case it does not make sense, then one should look for other alternatives, because you cannot automate everything. Feasibility study is therefore used to reveal this project justification, where it makes the project appear proactive and effective in tackling issues in the field of IT. Feasibility study identifies project associated risks, and the risk management efforts required. There are a number of things indicated in the feasibility study (â€Å"Justifying a software development project,† 2006). The first one is identifying potential implementation alternative. In case things go contrary to popular opinion, there always exist a number of options for implementation. The second one is determining economic feasibility where the IT project should meet the question of whether it is of financial sense. Economic feasibility is determined by conducting a cost or benefit analy sis which compares the full costs of the project to its full financial benefits. If the benefits exceed the cost, the IT project definitely turns to be more proactive and effective. The third one is determining technical feasibility of the IT project. The real question that needs to be answered is whether a technology can actually be built. To achieve this, investigation should be done on the technologies suitable for the project. All technologies seem to work well on marketing slide, but the main problem experienced is that of choice. It is therefore important to identify alternatives for each technology as well as their advantages and disadvantages (â€Å"Justifying a software development project,† 2006). Finally, we have operational feasibility where IT project is not only required to make technical and economic sense, but also make operational sense as well. The basic question answered, in this case, is

Equity and Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Equity and Trust - Essay Example In Tinsley v Milligan, the plaintiff Tinsley sought ownership of a jointly owned property2. Tinsley was the legal owner of the property. She had been living with the defendant Milligan, and these two females had contributed monetarily to the acquisition of that property3. Milligan’s contention was that Tinsley was a trustee for both of them. As such, these women had committed a fraud on the Department of Social Security. They had purchased the property, but had retained title to the property in only the name of Tinsley. This stratagem enabled Milligan to claim benefits from the Department of Social Security, as a person without any property to her name4. In this case, the plaintiff contended that ‘he who comes to equity must come with clean hands.’ Consequently, as per her contention, Milligan was precluded from claiming an equitable interest in the property. The House of Lords ruled that as Milligan did not rely on her illegality, she could enforce such interest. Moreover, it was Tinsley who would have to rely on the evidence provided by the illegal purpose5. It was held by the House of Lords that Milligan could claim her equitable beneficial interests in the property. The Law Lords opined that a plaintiff could claim proprietary interests, as long as she did not rely on an illegality to establish the interest6. Thus, equitable interest of this type was to be considered as similar to the immediate rights to possession under the common law. As such, in this case, two women, paid for a property, but placed the property in the name of one of them. This was done in order to claim housing benefits. However, the courts did not allow this fraudulent behaviour to affect the proprietary rights of the woman, whose name had not been indicated as the half owner of the property. All the same, if the plaintiff had attempted to assert her personal right to entitlement, on the basis of unjust enrichment, she could not have succeeded in her claim.

Comparison of 3-Dimensional Radiotherapy with IMRT for nasopharyngeal Dissertation

Comparison of 3-Dimensional Radiotherapy with IMRT for nasopharyngeal cancer - Dissertation Example The treatment modality therefore, revolves around successful and complete removal of the tumour mass without damage to the vital organs around the tumour (Tham and Lu, 2010). Most of the critical analysis presented in this research is based on findings that have been carried out on patients of Eastern Asian origin. This is because nasopharyngeal carcinomas are prevalent in this population group. On the same note, some of the most significant research results and tabulations have been obtained from studies carried out in these geographical areas. One of the most significant facts about NPC is that these are diagnosed in later stages of cancer (Afqir, Ismaili and Errihani, 2009, pp 3). The close proximity of different regions leads to many problems after treatment is carried out. Adverse effects to the pituatory, thyroid and hypothalamic glands are commonly seen post treatment (Stevens et al, 1998). Soft tissue fibrosis leading to trismus and necrosis of the eye structures is also comm only seen (Stevens et al, 1998). Surgical treatment options are somewhat reserved due to the complex location of the tumour. Studies researching the efficacy of surgical treatment have shown higher tissue destruction, and increased chances in recurrence and metastasis, which are reflected in high mortality rates, with five year survival rates falling in the range of 33-57% only (Leu and Lee, 2009, pp 103). A similar study assessed the effects of salvage surgery on patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiation therapy. The study selected 38 patients with recurrence in NPC who underwent surgery (Chang et al, 2004, pp 499). The results showed a 3 year survival rate and local control rate of 69 and 72.8% respectively. Local control rates at the intracranial and skull base levels were 83.3%, and the overall morbidity rates were below 14% (Chang et al, 2004, pp 500). Morbidity rates with radiotherapy treatment alone fall between 40 To 50%, whereas combined radio and che motherapy provide survival rates of 55 to 80% respectively (Paulino and Louis, 2010). However, this study has very limited number of participants, making it difficult to state that the results are significant. However, when viewed in comparison to many other studies on the efficacy of combined radiotherapy, the results bear some significance. Another important consideration is that surgery can still become an option in cancers which are of larger size, in order to help reduce the severity and duration of the chemoradiation therapy. Very large cancers can be removed with the help of fine surgical instruments, after which pockets of tumour can be removed through radiation and chemotherapy. Surgical treatments however, have been largely replaced by the newer and more sophisticated technology of irradiation. However, chemotherapy is another major contender for treatments of NPC. Many drugs have been introduced, but so far, trials and researches have gathered evidence for cisplatin and 5 -florucil respectively. Trials of use of cisplatin combined with radiotherapy for NPC have shown an overall survival rate of 76% at two to three years, which is comparatively better than therapy from any one of the methods alone. Another trial on 130 patients showed a 46% rate of survival with combined chemotherapy compared to 25% of it when treatment was done with radiation alone at five years (Siewert, Salama and Vokes, 2006, pp 168 and 169). Other drugs that are being used or considered for combined

Equity and Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Equity and Trust - Essay Example In Tinsley v Milligan, the plaintiff Tinsley sought ownership of a jointly owned property2. Tinsley was the legal owner of the property. She had been living with the defendant Milligan, and these two females had contributed monetarily to the acquisition of that property3. Milligan’s contention was that Tinsley was a trustee for both of them. As such, these women had committed a fraud on the Department of Social Security. They had purchased the property, but had retained title to the property in only the name of Tinsley. This stratagem enabled Milligan to claim benefits from the Department of Social Security, as a person without any property to her name4. In this case, the plaintiff contended that ‘he who comes to equity must come with clean hands.’ Consequently, as per her contention, Milligan was precluded from claiming an equitable interest in the property. The House of Lords ruled that as Milligan did not rely on her illegality, she could enforce such interest. Moreover, it was Tinsley who would have to rely on the evidence provided by the illegal purpose5. It was held by the House of Lords that Milligan could claim her equitable beneficial interests in the property. The Law Lords opined that a plaintiff could claim proprietary interests, as long as she did not rely on an illegality to establish the interest6. Thus, equitable interest of this type was to be considered as similar to the immediate rights to possession under the common law. As such, in this case, two women, paid for a property, but placed the property in the name of one of them. This was done in order to claim housing benefits. However, the courts did not allow this fraudulent behaviour to affect the proprietary rights of the woman, whose name had not been indicated as the half owner of the property. All the same, if the plaintiff had attempted to assert her personal right to entitlement, on the basis of unjust enrichment, she could not have succeeded in her claim.

Personality Impact Paper Essay Example for Free

Personality Impact Paper Essay In order for managers and employees to effectively get along in the workplace they must first learn how to understand and appreciate one another. The Journal of Adlerian Theory published an article discussing the various personalities’ styles in the workplace. The report states that being able to recognize characters from in workers and managers is important for those who lead or manage as others as well as for those who consult or treat workers and leaders (page 2). The purpose of this paper is to summarize Exhibit 2. 5, 2.6, and 2.7 assessments, it will also summarize my primary personality aspects, cognitive abilities that I can apply to my workplace, and mitigate any shortcomings. Exhibit 2.5, 2.6, 2.7 Exhibit 2.5 is an assessment that measures the extraversion or positive affectivity of a person. According to the text a person, which is positively effective, is predisposed to experience positive emotional states and feel good about themselves and the world around them (page 43). People, who are extroverted, tend to be more sociable and affectionate towards others. Exhibit 2.6 is to measure the neuroticism or negative affectivity. Negative affectivity in the textbook is defined as people tendencies to experience negative emotional states, feel distressed, and view themselves and the world around them negatively (page 44). This is the exact opposite at positive affectivity. People, who have high neuroticism, are more likely to experience more stress over time and often have negative moods at work/ home. Exhibit 2.7 is a measure of agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness to experiences. The textbook explains agreeableness as individuals who get along well with other people and those who do not (page 45). People, who are agreeable, are very likable, care for others, and tend to be affectionate. A person, who is conscientiousness, is careful, scrupulous, and persevering (page 45). People, who score high in the area, are found to  be very tidy and organized, as well as self-disciplined. People, who are open to experiences, have broad interests and are willing to take risks (page 46). Summary of My Testing Results In Exhibit 2.5 I scored high on positive affectivity. and answered all of the questions with true. This result would show that I am a happy person and views my work and the world around myself positively. My results of Exhibit 2.6 indicate a low level of negative affectivity. I means that sometimes he feels tense all day because of the challenges he has ahead of myself at work and also gets nervous from time to time. This would again reaffirm the results of Exhibit 2.5 which I have a positive outlook on life. The results of Exhibit 2.7 proved what I was already aware of. I tends to be an agreeable person who is open to experiences. I scored the lowest on conscientiousness, implying that is can be somewhat careless. I have a strong personality and a lot of good characteristics to offer as a leader. I did very charismatic and pragmatic. As a leader, this would be necessary in times of boosting morale and encouraging others around myself. my view on things from a positive light as well and tends to be open-minded. Cognitively I am numerically conscious, is also able to use reasoning, deductive abilities, and is perceptual. I scored the lowest on conscientiousness, which as a leader could mean that he is willing to take more risks. Conclusion The purpose of this paper was to summarize Exhibit 2.5, 2.6, and 2.7 assessments, define My primary personality aspects, cognitive abilities that he can apply to the workplace, and mitigate any shortcomings. People all over the world tend to operate based on feelings and innate habits they learned from their surroundings. Having a clear understanding of these feelings and how it drives our individual personalities can create successful business relationships. References Jennifer M. George, Garth R. Jones (2012). Understanding and Managing Organized Behavior. 6th Edition. Published by Prentice Hall Sperry, Len (1995). Individual Psychology. Personality Styles in the Workplace, Volume 51 (Issue 4), pages 422.

Debate of Naturopathic Medicine Treatments

Debate of Naturopathic Medicine Treatments In 2017, there will be an estimated 1,688,780 new cancer cases diagnosed and 600,920 cancer deaths in the United States, per the American Cancer Society. Across America, men and women are seeking both naturopathic medicine (also referred to as alternative medicine) and traditional medical care. Depending on the type medical condition or how far their diagnosis has progressed, approximately 50% of patients have found the use of naturopathic methods to be the more appropriate route for them and their families compared to the more traditional medical care (Issitt). As research progresses further into the new years with new medicines, Doctors are starting to see other patients and survivors choosing the Naturopathic method over the traditional chemotherapy, due to the overall effect it has on their health in the long run. It was once said by Joseph Addison that, Cheerfulness is the best promoter of health and is as friendly to the mind as to the body. Joseph Addison is making a valid point with his statement. When a person acts or thinks in a positive manner, do they not actually feel better? Being cheerful will help you both mentally and physically. Laughing is the perfect example. When a person laughs, it releases chemicals within the brain that makes that person physically feel well. Those chemicals are referred to as endorphins and when released they help increase pain resistance in the body (Gorman). Why should any patient have to pay for antidepressants when they can already produce their own happiness? They just need to turn on the television and watch a comedic movie of their choice. In the same way, traditional and naturopathic medicine specialized practitioners find ways in which to restore health by using safe and natural remedies to treat all aspects, whether it be physical or mental, of their patient. Even though many doctors and patients may not recognize the benefits of naturopathic medicine, the increase in their popularity is indisputable. When a specialist, whether it be the patients primary care manager or whomever they were seeing, discovers cancer in the patient, an oncologist often provides the treatment options for them. Depending on the staging, the type of cancer, and the rate that is has spread, they will often recommend the best method to treat the ailment. Ultimately it is up to the patient as to the choice of treatment based off the doctors recommendations. Sometimes the patient even gets second opinions and gathers information through other qualified professionals (Tierra). Treatment for cancer can be sought through several traditional methods. They include surgery as well as chemotherapy and radiation. Other options for treating this condition could be clinical trials, which are options for treating some patients but not all. Other patients may choose the more natural cancer treatments; some of which are not approved by the FDA. Unfortunately, there are numerous amounts of patients who choose to use natural methods without performing the correct processes beforehand. The correct processes that are necessary include: research on the treatments and the illness, as well as having a consultation with the patients physician (Robotin). Doctors should really advise their patients to stop using naturopathic methods instead of traditional methods because of the dangers of using the naturopathic methods. Unlike traditional methods, naturopathic methods are unknown, they are not as effective as patients seem to believe them to be, and tradition methods have been proven to be the only known way to completely heal or cure a disease. During a consultation, the physician should advise against the use of naturopathic methods. One reason being because of the dangers of the naturopathic methods may present, due to the lack of research on them (Eisenberg). Therapies, massages, herbal medication, and acupuncture are common naturopathic methods (Collinge). Any so called dangers to using natural treatments are known, but much is not because hospitals believe that conventional medicine is much more effective. There is evidence to prove the lack of research that has not been done on naturopathic treatments. Such is the case study done in Australia about natural treatments of cancer. There is information all throughout the article in regards to how natural treatments can be used to cure cancer (Mercurio). Unfortunately, there was limited information about the risks when using natural methods and where all the information came from (Mercurio). In some cases, there are some users that say, researching the treatments would involve chemically changing them and destroying what makes the naturopathic treatments natural (Astin), they would be incredibly wrong. This would be due to the need of increased research of natural remedies to help prepare the physicians to be ready to treat the such problems that may be caused by ailments such as; hepatitis, dermatitis, and endocarditis (Niggemann). All of which are only known to be some of the dangers to the use of acupuncture because of the little research that was done. Therefore, most doctors should advise against the use of natural treatments due to the lack of knowledge and the research in what may happen to the patients who do use them. A second reason as to why doctors should advise against the use of natural methods is because they have not been found to be more effective than traditional medicine. The effectiveness of traditional and natural medicine can be seen both ways: either medically or cost wise. Natural methods are not cost effective, despite the beliefs of users. This is partially due to the patients insurance will not willing to pay for or even help to pay for natural treatments (Crellin). Over time, that patients bill may increase substantially if they do not have the help if their insurance in paying for the treatments. Often times in this situation, patients may have to or have turned to, the black market to receive treatments. Other times the increase may be caused by the fact that patients will need more of their medication in order to affect their illness, like a drug. It really is not known if natural treatments are medically effective since not much research has been done on the subject. Traditi onal cancer treatments include; surgery, radiation therapy, and medication. Common natural remedies include; herbal medications, therapies, and acupuncture (Donsbach). When deciphering between the two types of treatments, it is known that surgery is a more effective way to treat cancer than traditional and natural methods (Hareyan). This is only due to the fact that surgery will completely remove all parts of the body that have been infected by cancer, whereas there is a risk that the herbal medications may actually mutate the cancer and cause it to spread (Hareyan). Patients should be advised to refrain from using the natural methods, since the natural treatments are not as effective as patients seem to think they are. Lastly, a third reason for why doctors would advise against the use of natural methods is because traditional medicine is known to completely cure or heal an illness with limited risks. Where natural methods are only known for relieving but not fully curing an illness (Niggemann). There is evidence of this is in many stories about natural treatments and natural treatments for cancers. Many stories that involve natural treatments include patients complaining about the return of their symptoms or illnesses (Dansbach). There still are patients that use natural treatments that still believe traditional medicine is not the only way to cure an ailment; and that is do to the lack of proof or evidence of research in the subject. Since there has been little research on natural treatments, traditional medical treatments are the only known way to completely heal an illness and should be advised to patients by their physicians (Crellin). More people today believe that the traditional, surgical method of treating cancer is the most acclaimed as well as the more vital approach. However, this traditional method does not completely cure the disease. After surgery, there are metastatic growths. The chances of having more metastatic outgrowths increases when the size of primary tumor becomes bigger. This traditional method of cancer treatment increases the risk of damaging the tumor and it also penetrates many other cancer cells within the blood cells. In turn, it introduces new colonies of the tumor cells. This is one of the many reasons why the chemotherapy as well as radiation are not always applied traditionally. When combined with the surgical resection of the initial tumor, cancer patients that have used the traditional methods against cancer usually appear to have more tumors in different parts of the body. It then develops into polydysplasia (Tierra). Naturopathic methods have been around for centuries and people continue to use them. So There must be some benefit to these methods. Naturopathic medicine has been proven to be effective in many cases and should be further researched and needs to be accepted in our healthcare system to better inform the patients who choose to use them. Naturopathy is a goal where it seeks to engage in the bodys power to naturally fight diseases by utilizing the resources that are already available. Drugs and surgery are to be avoided, and the patient is to embrace the natural methods. Those are the naturopathic principles. The patients medical history is closely looked at and paid attention to. Also, lifestyle and environment is closely monitored. It is believed that naturopathy reduces the chance of the spread of cancer cells within the body. Naturopathic medicine can be far less expensive, compared to traditional medicine (Verma). When it comes to any kind of herbs and vitamins, they are naturally available. They do not require any extra research to develop and therefore they are cheaper and easier to get a hold of. Yoga and diets can be done from the comfort of your own home; and do not require any hospital stays or constant doctor visits. These have been proven to help treat problems ranging from stress to side effects caused by traditional cancer treatments. Multivitamins, supplements, weight loss pills, and more are forms of naturopathic medicine that can be found in stores and bought without any sort of prescription from the doctor. Accessibility to naturopathic medicine is much more convenient for those who live a busy lifestyle. Not everyone has time to schedule an appointment with a doctor. However, being that these products are so convenient to the patient and at low prices, they pose a danger of improper use. Which is why further study of naturopathic medicine is critical; the lives of patients could be in danger and they would not even know or consider it at the time. Thanks to science and technology, naturopathic methods of treatments have become more enhanced with producing good effects in people who have chosen natural methods instead of traditional medicine. In recent years medical research has indicated that some natural therapies produce a positive result in patients(Issitt). Ketogenic diets have been around since the 1920s and are one true form of effective natural therapy, with positive results. They were first introduced in epilepsy patients as a natural method of therapy and then was soon used in patients with brain tumors. Traditional keto diets have a 3:1 ratio of fat to nonfat. The breakdown of the diet is the patient would consume 29g protein, 23g carbohydrates, and 156 g dietary fats, daily (Nebeling). To get the diet started, most patients have to do a three to seven day water fast. That way it insures they get their ketone levels elevated and their glucose levels lowered before starting the diet themselves. There has been a link between glucose and cancer cells, in which doctors have figured out that if they were to lower the glucose within the patients bodies and increase the ketones, it will then confuse the cancer cells (Paoli). Since the cancer cells thrive off the glucose within the body, by confusing them with the elevating of the ketones, it will then ultimately starve the cancer cells within the patients body, riding the patient of the dreaded disease. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy is used for patients who have lingering toxicity issues related to chemotherapy or radiation exposure. It is a type of medical treatment, also considered a natural therapy, which enhances the bodys natural healing process by inhalation of 100% oxygen in a total body chamber, where atmospheric pressure is increased and controlled. It is used for a wide variety of treatments; usually as a part of an overall medical care plan. It helps with promoting tissue healing and to fight off infections. What it does is it increases the amount of oxygen that is dissolved in the patients blood stream. Once that is done, it allows the a new, improved oxygen to be delivered to the tissues. Most often the type of disorders that patients tend to develop late after exposure to the common therapies, are hypoxia and ischemia. In many recent studies and findings, it has been proven that hypoxia aids in the progression of cancer (Moen). If left untreated, it can cause cellular damage and organ dysfunction. To so many individuals, they think that traditional methods are the better route to go than alternative methods because it shows a significant improvement in a persons health and also in their well-being. However, it is also very important to remember the negative side effects. Research has confirmed that some alternative methods perform significantly better than most placebos in controlled experiments (Issitt). This just means that placebos and side effects are both problematic to using traditional medicine and will only endanger a person more. If those false medicines or placebos were provided to people who are very ill and are the wrong kind, it would hurt the individual; even if they took it and the only reaction were mild side effects. Unlike the traditional methods, naturopathic therapy provides a safe but easy way to heal and relax a persons body. First Alternative therapy often seeks to work with the bodys own natural healing process and it often seeks to engage the whole person, strengthening the connection between mind and body (Badertscher). Alternative medicine and traditional medicine are very important because people will learn which one is safe and heals the body in a relaxing way and what ones only tricks a person and costs money. Side effects from traditional treatments can often be quite taxing on the body. A few examples include but are not limited to: fatigue, myelosuppression, thrombocytopenia, anemia, GI concerns, and more (Held-Warmkessel). Each one bearing very little to major effects on the patients everyday life. If a patient is constantly fatigued, how are they suppose to carry out everyday normal activities and really live their life? Since chemotherapy mixed with other medications that they may on, are wiping out their neutrophils, it is causing more fatigue than normal in the patient, causing them to take naps more often and sleep longer than usual. Resulting in the patient missing out on many activities that others may take for granted. Thrombocytopenia can cause severe bleeding in the patient, if not watched closely (Held-Warmekssel). The patient had to be very careful if they were to get a scratch or cut. Their platelet counts fall during chemotherapy and so clotting is either very minimal or non existent, running the patient at risk of bleeding out or bleeding to death. One reason why patients end up having to have platelet transfusions during traditional chemo treatments. Constant nausea and vomiting are just minimal GI concerns. That is normally treated or blanketed with other medicines such as steroids, like prednisone. If a patient is unable to keep fluids or even foods down, they run the risk of losing very important nutrients that their body really needs to help heal and stay strong to fight off the cancer. Stomach ulcers and mucosal inflammation within the GI tract can occur from the vomiting or just from the chemotherapy itself, along with the side effects from the mix of all the medications the patient is taking. Another reason why traditional treatments are not the best option. Finally, just the basics of what you and I take for granted; personal hygiene. Mouth sores, bleeding gums, the loss of taste buds, hair loss, not able to have fresh cut flowers in the house due to they harbor bacteria, not able to eat at a buffet due to bacteria, having to wear a mask out in public, limiting interaction in crowds, etc. These are all minimal things you would not think twice about but the patients themselves cannot do these simple things thanks to traditional treatments and the side effects that they produce. Traditional methods involve medicines and treatments that are often chemically produced in labs which are specifically made for curing those with diseases. They are then offered to patients by hospitals. Traditional methods can include but are not limited to: chemical medications, radiation therapies, and surgeries. Alternative methods are naturally produced treatments for illnesses. They can include but are not limited to: herbal medications, acupuncture, therapies, and relaxation techniques. The strong dislike of traditional methods from patients, has increased through the century (Astin). One reason for this increase is the belief that alternative treatments offer more control over health care decisions, and alternatives are seen as more compatible with the patients values, worldview, beliefs regarding the nature and meaning of illness and health or a person truly believes that they can be cured of their ailment by the use of only natural methods (Astin). Another list of reasons for the dislike to traditional methods may include: poor perceived health, family use of natural methods, recommendation by close social contacts, strong adherence to traditional health beliefs and middle age. Even though within the last century the use of traditional methods has decreased, the usage of naturopathic methods has increased (Eberhardt). However, even with that increase, only less than thirty-percent of naturopathic therapy users stated that they had talked to their healthcare professional in the past twelve months, in regards to their use of the natural therapies (Eberhardt). About half of the patients that choose to use natural methods are diagnosed with a chronic disease. Some of those chronic diseases happen to be cancer, diabetes, arthritis, heart diseases, and strokes. Naturopathic methods are more often used to treat allergies. An example of these allergies that natural methods are used to diagnose and treat includes but are not limited to are: specific allergies, seasonal allergies, and asthma (Niggemann). There are a few other illnesses where traditional methods can only offer relief and not a cure, that natural methods can help treat (Niggemann). Some practitioners continue to develop alternative medicines to avoid surgery or the occasionally hazard effects of synthetic medicines (Issitt). These alternative methods are extremely important because it saves money, are less invasive, and are less time consuming. They also have fewer side effects. This in turn is giving people positive reasons as to why they should choose the alternative methods over the harmful, invasive options. Rather than choosing to take part in invasive surgeries such as, internal surgeries, sports medicine surgeries and spinal surgeries, etc research has shown that men and women choose acupuncture. These remedies have balanced men and women both physically and mentally. As stated before, alternative methods do not include the need for a placebo. Since that is a way in determining the effect of medications with traditional methods, for alternative methods it is already safe for them and approved with the law. There are people that argue that alternative methods are not useful to curing aggressive diseases such as cancer and Alzheimers disease. But through further research and more understanding of alternative methods with how they have the potential to impact cancer and other diseases, people can begin to understand it more clearly. It is because of the new technology and the new treatments that positive results in the research and studies on patients, that prove that naturopathic methods really do work in the healing process.